Vulnerability and susceptibility in conservation biology

In conservation biology, susceptibility is the extent to which an organism or ecological community would suffer from a threatening process or factor if exposed, without regard to the likelihood of exposure.^[1] It should not be confused with vulnerability, which takes into account both the effect of exposure and the likelihood of exposure.^[2]

For example, a plant species may be highly susceptible to a particular plant disease, meaning that exposed populations invariably become extinct or decline heavily. However, that species may not be vulnerable if it occurs only in areas where exposure to the disease is unlikely, or if it occurs over such a wide distribution that exposure of all populations is unlikely. Conversely, a plant species may show low susceptibility to a disease, yet may be considered vulnerable if the disease is present in every population.

References

^ Birkmann, J.; et al. (2012). Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (PDF). Cambridge University Press. pp. 65–108.
^ Adger, W. Neil (2006). "Vulnerability" (PDF). Global Environmental Change. 16 (3): 268–281. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.006.

Threatened species

Template: Threatened species by region

IUCN Red List

Categories¹

Extinct	Extinct (EX) Extinct in the Wild (EW)
Threatened	Critically Endangered (CR) Endangered (EN) Vulnerable (VU)
Lower risk	Near Threatened (NT) Least Concern (LC) Lower Risk (LR) Conservation Dependent (LR/cd)
Not fully assessed	Data Deficient (DD) Not Evaluated (NE)

Species

Lists	Extinct Extinct in the Wild Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable Near Threatened Least Concern Data Deficient
WP categories	Extinct Extinct in the Wild Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable Near Threatened Least Concern Data Deficient
CITES	Appendix I Appendix II Appendix III

By taxa

Endangered arthropods / spiders / Decline in insect populations
Decline in amphibian populations
Threatened Banksia / rays / sharks / Fungi / Chromista
The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates
The world's 100 most threatened species

Conservation

¹ Pre-2001 categories and subcategories shown in italics.

v t e Conservation of species
Index of conservation articles
Conservation biology	Biodiversity Captive breeding Compassionate conservation Conservation behavior Conservation-dependent species Conservation genetics Conservation-induced extinction Conservation status Endemism Ex-situ conservation Extinction threshold In-situ conservation Latent extinction risk Marine conservation Mutualisms and conservation Nature conservation Conservation biology of parasites Species translocation Conservation welfare Threatened species Vulnerability and susceptibility
Approaches	Conservation agriculture Conservation development Conservation finance Conservation grazing Conservation management system Conservation movement Conservation photography Conservation psychology Conspicuous conservation Community-based conservation Ecoregion conservation status Environmental protection Evidence-based conservation Flagship species Forest management Forest protection Tropical rainforest conservation Integrated Conservation and Development Project Other effective area-based conservation measures Riparian buffer Roadless area conservation Roadside conservation Site-based conservation Wetland conservation
Protected areas	Conservation designation Conservation district Conservation easement Conservation reserve Gap analysis Habitat conservation High conservation value area Landscape-scale conservation Marine protected area Marxan Open space reserve Wildlife corridor 30 by 30 target
Key issues	Conservation refugee Fortress conservation Habitat fragmentation Human–wildlife conflict
Restoration	Assisted natural regeneration Ecosystem restoration Island restoration Reforestation afforestation Rewilding marine Species reintroduction
By taxon	Arthropods Insect hotel Birds Hawaiian honeycreeper raptors golden eagle Fungi Land mammals American bison Arabian oryx bears polar bears elephants slow lorises tigers wolves Marine Gray nurse shark manatees salmon sea otters Painted turtles Plants seed bank cryopreservation
By country	Angola Australia Belize Brazil Canada Central African Republic Costa Rica Hong Kong Iceland India Bhopal Indonesia Ireland Italy Malaysia Mauritius Namibia New Zealand Pakistan Papua New Guinea South Sudan Sweden Uganda United Kingdom (Scotland) United States forests
Related	Conservation officer De-extinction Myth of superabundance Planetary boundaries IUCN Red List NatureServe conservation status Special Area of Conservation Soil conservation
List of conservation issues List of organisations List of people Category