Walls of Lima
The Walls of Lima were a fortification consisting mainly of walls and bastions whose purpose was to defend the city of Lima from exterior attacks. It was built between 1684 and 1687, during the Viceroy Melchor de Navarra y Rocafull (Duke of Palata)'s government.
The wall was located on the present streets of Alfonso Ugarte, Paseo Colón and Grau and the left bank of Rímac River. Under Luis Castaneda Lossio's management, he recovered a section of the remains of the left bank of the Rímac River, which are now visible as a part of the group known as "Parque de la Muralla," although these are probably from a previous construction known as "Tajamar de San Francisco." The Santa Lucía bastion is a sector of the wall located on the edge of Barrios Altos and El Agustino that still stands .[1]
History
The old wall was built around the city to protect it from pirates attacks and other enemies of the Spanish crown in the 17th century. The wall had 10 exit and entry gates: Martinete, Maravillas, Barbones, Cocharcas, Santa Catalina, Guadalupe, Juan Simón, San Jacinto, Callao, Monserrate and the gate of la Guía in the Barrio de San Lázaro.[2]
As part of urban expansion programs and construction of new avenues, the wall was demolished in 1868 under José Balta's government. The wall never served the purpose for which it was built, to the point that Raúl Porras Barrenechea mentioned that "it died a virgin of gunpowder."
Current status
Part of the sea wall has been restored at the back of the Church of San Francisco, near the Government Palace, which has created a public space named Parque de la Muralla (Park of the Wall). In this park, the remnants of the foundations that had been the seawall are visible, which was done by the Franciscans in 1610. The aforementioned park has a restaurant and a shop selling hand-made items from different areas of the country. The park contains a statue of Francisco Pizarro, which used to be in the "Plaza Pizarro," located next to the Government Palace. There is also a museum exhibiting archaeological pieces found in the area.
Construction of an expressway on Grau Avenue uncovered some of the wall's remains.
In Barrios Altos, the remains of the walls near the Plazuela del Cercado is in good condition. The camal de Conchucos, which was the bastion of Santa Lucía, one of the surveillance points of the wall, is now a sports complex.
The wall was not a paragon of beauty. Except for the portals of Maravillas (1807) in the Barrios Altos and El Callao, the other gates, as told by the painter Juan Manuel Ugarte, "had no great artistic appeal. It is one of the most important tourist attractions, besides the houses, among others.[clarification needed]
- The walls of Lima in a plan of 1750
- Aspect of the Gate of Callao, located in the Ovalo de la Reina, in 1870
- Gate of Maravillas, which gave access to the fortified Lima
- Muralla, Casco Antiguo de Lima
See also
Notes
Bibliography
- Hanke, Lewis (1980). Los virreyes españoles durante la casa de Austria (in Spanish). Vol. VII. Madrid: Ediciones Atlas.
- Basadre, Jorge (1983). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Vol. V (7th ed.). Lima: Editorial Universitaria.
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- Balconies of Lima
- Basilica and Convent of Nuestra Señora de la Merced
- Monument
- Plazoleta
- Basilica and Convent of San Francisco
- Basilica and Convent of San Pedro
- Basilica of Santo Domingo
- Casa de Aliaga
- Casa de Divorciadas
- Casa de Osambela
- Casa de Pilatos
- Casa del Oidor
- Casa Goyeneche
- Casa Hacienda Punchauca
- Casa Matusita
- Casa O'Higgins
- Casa Riva-Agüero
- Casona of the National University of San Marcos
- Cathedral Basilica of Lima
- Cementerio Presbítero Matías Maestro
- Church of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph
- Church of Saint Catherine of Siena
- Church of Saint Lazarus
- Church of the Good Death
- Church of the Holy Christ of Wonders
- Church of the Orphans
- Church of Our Lady of Copacabana
- Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel
- Church of Our Lady of Patronage
- Church of San Agustín
- Church of Saint Liberata
- Church of Saint Mary Magdalene
- Convent of Our Lady of the Angels
- Cuartel Barbones
- Fort of Santa Catalina
- Iglesia de la Recoleta
- Mogrovejo Hospital
- Monastery of Saint Rose of Lima
- National Mint of Peru
- Palacio de la Magdalena
- Palacio de Torre Tagle
- Panteón de los Próceres
- Plaza de toros de Acho
- Real Felipe Fortress
- Royal College of the University of San Marcos
- Royal Hospital of Saint Andrew
- Sanctuary and Monastery of Las Nazarenas
- Sanctuary of Saint Rose of Lima
- Seminario de Lima
- St. Clare's Monastery
- St. Sebastian's Church
- Trinitarian Church
- Walls of Lima
- Archbishop's Palace
- Association of Amateur Artists
- Atlas Building
- Bar Cordano
- BBVA Building
- Begonias Tower
- Casa Arenas Loayza
- Casa de Correos y Telegrafos
- Casa del Pueblo
- Casa Fernandini, Lima
- Casa Fernandini, Santa María del Mar
- Casa Roosevelt
- Casa Rusa
- Casa Sal y Rosas
- Casa Suárez
- Chinatown
- Chocavento Tower
- Church of Our Lady of the Forsaken
- Club de la Unión
- Club Nacional
- Country Club Lima Hotel
- Cristo del Pacífico
- Delfines Hotel & Convention Center
- Desamparados station
- Diez de Octubre School
- Eduardo Dibos Colosseum
- El Ángel Cemetery
- Gamarra
- Government Palace
- Gran Hotel Bolivar
- Gran Hotel Maury
- Guadalupe College
- Hermitage of Barranco
- Hospital Civil de la Misericordia
- Hotel Crillón
- Immaculate Heart of Mary Church
- Interbank Building
- Javier Alzamora Valdez Building
- La Atarjea
- La Colmena Building
- La Rosa Náutica
- Larcomar
- Library of Congress
- Lima Civic Center
- Legislative Palace
- Lima Convention Center
- Lima Stock Exchange Building
- Mesa Redonda
- Morro Solar War Monument
- Mosque of Lima
- National Geographic Institute
- National Library of Peru
- National Maternal Perinatal Institute
- National Stadium of Peru
- Palacio de la Exposición
- Palacio de Miraflores
- Palacio Municipal
- Palace of Justice
- Petroperú Building
- Public Ministry of Peru
- Quinta Heeren
- Quinta Leuro
- Quinta Presa
- Rospigliosi Castle
- Saint Thérèse of the Child Jesus Church
- Sheraton Lima Historic Center
- Stone of Taulichusco
- The Westin Lima Hotel & Convention Center
- Torre Banco de la Nación
- Aeronautical Museum
- Bodega y Quadra Museum
- Casa Grau Naval Museum
- Combatants of the Morro de Arica Museum
- DIRCOTE Museum
- Gold Museum of Peru and Arms of the World
- Gran Teatro Nacional
- José Carlos Mariátegui Museum
- Larco Museum
- Lima Art Museum
- Metropolitan Museum
- Morro Solar Planetarium
- Municipal Theatre Museum
- Museo de la Nación
- Museum of Congress and the Inquisition
- Museum of Contemporary Art
- Museum of the Brain
- Museum of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru
- Museum of Elections and Democracy
- Museum of Italian Art
- Museum of Natural History
- National Afro-Peruvian Museum
- National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology and History
- National Museum
- National Museum of Peruvian Culture
- Naval Museum
- Pinacotheca of Lima
- Teatro Colón
- Teatro Municipal
- Teatro Peruano Japonés
- Teatro Segura
- Cinco esquinas
- Jirón de la Unión
- Pasaje Olaya
- Paseo de los Héroes Navales
- Las llamas
- La yunta
- Paseo Colón
- Columbus Statue
- Pizza Blvd.
- Plaza de la Bandera
- Plaza Bolívar
- Plaza Bolognesi
- Plaza de la Democracia
- Plaza Dos de Mayo
- Plaza Francia
- Statue of Liberty
- Plaza Grau
- Monument
- Plaza Italia
- Plaza Manco Cápac
- Plaza Mayor
- Plaza Perú
- Plaza Ramón Castilla
- Monument
- Plaza San Martín
- Plazuela de las Artes
- Plazuela del Teatro
- Alameda Chabuca Granda
- Alameda de los Descalzos
- Bridge of Sighs
- Campo de Marte
- Costa Verde Pan-American Complex
- El Olivar
- Friendship Park
- Heroes of Independence Park
- Malecón de Miraflores
- Medicinal Botanical Garden
- Kennedy Park
- Lachay National Reserve
- Pantanos de Villa Wildlife Refuge
- Parque de la Exposición
- Parque de La Muralla
- Parque de la Reserva
- Parque de las Leyendas
- Paseo de Aguas
- Plazuela Chabuca Granda
- Reducto № 2
- University Park
- Antonio Ruiz de Montoya University
- Cayetano Heredia University
- Federico Villarreal National University
- National Superior Autonomous School of Fine Arts
- National University of Engineering
- National University of San Marcos
- Officers' School of the National Police of Peru
- Peruvian University of Applied Sciences
- Pontifical Catholic University of Peru
- Raúl Porras Barrenechea Institute
- Ricardo Palma University
- Technological University of Peru
- University of Engineering and Technology
- University of Lima
- Banco Comercial
- Cabildo of Lima
- Casa Alcántara
- Casa Marcionelli
- Casa Oechsle
- Casa Tenaud
- Church of Our Lady of the Forsaken
- Cine Tauro
- El Sexto Prison
- Gate of Lima
- Giacoletti Building
- Great Clock of Lima
- Hipódromo de San Felipe
- Hipódromo de Santa Beatriz
- Lima Penitentiary
- Limatambo Building
- Marsano Palace
- Moorish Arch
- National Stadium
- San Jorge Prison
- San Martín barracks
- Venetian Palace
- Saint Paul's College
- Viceregal Palace