Wo Hop To
Hong Kong criminal triad
- Hong Kong
- San Francisco
- Peter Chong
- Raymond Kwok Chow
Wo Hop To, or WHT (Chinese: 和合圖; Jyutping: wo4 hap6 tou4), is a triad group based in Wan Chai, Hong Kong. The name translates to "Harmoniously United Association", or "Harmonious Union Plan", and is thought to have been founded in 1908 in Sai Ying Pun as a secret political organisation in opposition to the Qing dynasty.[1][2] They are one of the Four Major Gangs (四大黑幫) of Hong Kong, the others being Wo Shing Wo, 14K and Sun Yee On.
Criminal activity
Wo Hop To specialises in protection rackets and is affiliated with the Sun Yee On triad.[3]
Activity in the United States
During the early 1990s, Wo Hop To expanded into the United States, beginning in San Francisco. The U.S. Wo Hop To was led by Peter Chong (also known as "Uncle Chong") and Raymond "Shrimp Boy" Chow, a former Hop Sing Boys gang member. The Wo Hop To had plans to control all the Asian gangs in San Francisco and, from there, to branch out into drug distribution nationwide. Wo Hop To chased the Wah Ching gang out of the Bay Area and the Wah Ching headed to Southern California. The Wah Ching was the only surviving Chinatown gang during the 1980s. The Hop Sing Boys and Joe Boys were dismantled by police after the Golden Dragon massacre.
The Wo Hop To controlled Chinatown illegal activities after killing the Wah Ching leader Danny Wong.[4]
References
- ^ Chin, Ko-lin (1996). Chinatown Gangs: Extortion, Enterprise, and Ethnicity. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195136272. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ Valentine, Bill (1995). Gang Intelligence Manual: Identifying And Understanding Modern-Day Violent Gangs In The United States. Boulder, Colo: Paladin Pr. p. 122. ISBN 9780873648448. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ Nepstad, Peter (15 March 2001). "Triads". The Illuminated Lantern. Archived 21 December 2004 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Asian gang Chief takes fifth". LA times. 6 November 1991. Retrieved 19 February 2015. Archived 19 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine
External links
- SF Weekly Feature Article Profiling Member of Hop Sing Tong – Raymond "Shrimp Boy" Chow (2007)
- Information on Wo Hop Sing in the US.
- The Illuminated Lantern: Triads
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Organized crime groups in Asia
- Triads
- 14K
- Sun Yee On
- Wo Shing Wo
- Wo Hop To
- Big Circle Gang
- Shui Fong
- Snakehead
- Preman
- Bình Xuyên
- Đại Cathay's gang
- Năm Cam's gang
- Dung Hà's gang
- Đồng Xuân Labor Union
- Bạch Hải Đường’s robber band
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