Yabroud

Place in Rif Dimashq, Syria

Yabroud يبرود Jabrud
Streetview
33°58′N 36°40′E / 33.967°N 36.667°E / 33.967; 36.667
Country	Syria
Governorate	Rif Dimashq
District	Yabroud
Subdistrict	Yabroud
Elevation	1,550 m (5,090 ft)
Population (2004 census)^[1]
• City	25,891
• Metro	~50,000
Area code	12

Yabroud or Yabrud (Arabic: يَبْرُود, romanized: Yabrūd) is a city in Syria, located in the Rif Dimashq (i.e. Damascus' countryside) governorate about 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of the capital Damascus. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Yabroud had a population of 25,891 in the 2004 census.^[1]

Etymology

The name Yabroud is said to have originated from an Aramaic word meaning "cold"; the city rests upon the Qalamoun Mountains slopes (Anti-Lebanon) at a height of 1,550 m.

History

The city is known for its ancient caves, most notably the Iskafta cave (where, in 1930, a thirty-year-old German traveller and self-taught archeologist Alfred Rust made many important pre-historical findings),^[2] which dates back to a period known as Jabroudian culture, named after Yabroud;^[3] and the Yabroud temple, which was once Jupiter Yabroudis's temple but later became "Konstantin and Helena Cathedral". Yabroud is home of the oldest church in Syria.^[4] The Natufian archeological site Yabroud III is named for the town of Yabroud.

Yabroud was mentioned in the pottery tablets of Mesopotamia in the 1st century B.C., and Ptolemy's writings in the 2nd century A.D.^[5]

In 1838, its inhabitants were Sunni Muslim, Melkite Catholic and Greek Orthodox Christians.^[6]

During the Syrian Civil War the city was the center of the Battle of Yabroud in March 2014.

Notable people

The parents of former President of Argentina Carlos Menem were both born in Yabroud; they emigrated to Argentina before the end of World War I.
Antun Maqdisi (1914–2005), a Syrian philosopher, politician and human rights activist, died in Yabroud.
Elias Konsol (1914–1981), a Syrian-Argentine poet, writer and journalist of the Mahjar.
Gregory Atta lived for a time in Yabroud
Youssef Halaq (1939–2007), a Syrian writer and literary translator.
Zaki Konsol (1916–1994), a poet and writer.
Khaled M. Al Baradea (1934–2008), a poet and writer.
Asem Al Basha (born 1948), an artist and writer.
George Haswani, Syrian-Russian businessman.
Saeed Alnahhal, Syrian-Swedish journalist.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b General Census of Population and Housing 2004. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Rif Dimashq Governorate. (in Arabic)
^ Alfred Rust (1950). "Ancient Yabroud (Yabrud)".
^ Renfrew, Colin; Bahn, Paul (2014). The Cambridge World Prehistory. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107647756. "The transitional period between the Acheulian and Mousterian, named after the finds of Alfred Rust at the Yabrud I rock shelter".
^ "Syria: An attempt to live a normal life - BBC News". BBC News. 24 December 2012. Retrieved 2016-03-28.
^ "Yabroud city, historical and archaeological wealth". SANA. 19 November 2018.
^ Smith, in Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. 173
^ ""Vi funderade inte ens. Vi bara gjorde." | Journalisten".

Gallery

Iskafta cave
Overview of Yabroud

Bibliography

Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.

33°58′N 36°40′E / 33.967°N 36.667°E / 33.967; 36.667

Cities and towns of Syria

Governorate centres

District centres

Sub-district centres

Rif Dimashq Governorate

Markaz Rif Dimashq District

Kiswah Subdistrict	Al-Kiswah Al-Adiliyah Arkis Deir Ali Deir Khabiyah Ayn al-Bayda Ayn al-Souda Al-Horjelah Jeb as-Safa Khan Dannun Khirbet al-Shiyab Khiyarat Dannun Marana Matahriyeh Morjana Muqaylibah Qara Saada Shaqhab al-Taybah Um al-Awamid Zakiyah Zureiqiya
Babbila Subdistrict	Babbila Aqraba al-Bahdaliyah Beit Sahem Buwayda Hujayrah Hawsh Sahiya Khirbet al-Ward Maalaqa Najha Sayyidah Zaynab Al-Sabinah Yalda
Jaramana Subdistrict	Jaramana
Malihah Subdistrict	Al-Malihah Ahdaf Deir al-Asafir Hawsh al-Sultan Hutaytet al-Turkman Shabaa Zabdin Sahba
Kafr Batna Subdistrict	Kafr Batna Beit Sawa Aftris Hamouriyah Hizzah Jisrin Saqba
Arbin Subdistrict	Arbin Ein Tarma Zamalka

Douma District

Douma Subdistrict	Douma Adra Batihat al-Wafidin Hawsh al-Dawahira Hawsh al-Farah Hawsh Nasri Hufayr al-Tahta Maydaa al-Rihan al-Shafuniyah Tal al-Swan
Harasta Subdistrict	Harasta Dahiyat al-Assad Mesraba Madira
Sabe Biyar Subdistrict	Sabaa Biyar
Dumayr Subdistrict	Al-Dumayr
Nashabiyeh Subdistrict	Al-Nashabiyah Al-Ahmadiyah Al-Bahariyah Al-Bilaliyah Beit Nayim Bzeineh Deir Salman Al-Damen Harasta al-Qantarah Al-Jarba Al-Khamisiyah Al-Mansoura Marj al-Sultan Nawla Al-Abadah Autaya Otaybah Al-Qasimiyah Al-Qisa Al-Salihiyah Wadyan al-Rabi Al-Zamaniyah
Ghazlaniyeh Subdistrict	Al-Ghizlaniyah Bayad Al-Bitariyah Deir al-Hajar Dalbeh Ghasulah Al-Haijaneh Qarahta Qarmashiyeh Sakka Tall Maskan
Harran al-Awamid Subdistrict	Harran al-Awamid Judaydat al-Khas Al-Kafrayn Mabarkah

Al-Qutayfah District

Qutayfah Subdistrict	Al-Qutayfah Helleh Muadamiyat al-Qalamoun
Jayrud Subdistrict	Jayrud Al-Atnah Al-Mansoura Al-Naseriyah
Maloula Subdistrict	Maaloula Ain al-Tinah Jubb'adin al-Tawani
Raheiba Subdistrict	Al-Ruhaybah

Al-Tall District

Al-Tall Subdistrict	Al-Tall al-Dreij Halboun Maarounah Maaraba Manin Talfita
Sednaya Subdistrict	Saidnaya Badda Maarat Saidnaya Akoubar Hafeir al-Fouqa
Rankous Subdistrict	Rankous al-Fayadiyah Hosh Arab al-Jarniyah al-Mahabah Ayn Dara al-Nour Sabnah

Yabroud District

Yabroud Subdistrict	Yabroud Ras al-Ayn Ras al-Maara Rima Al-Sarkha (Bakhah)
Assal al-Ward Subdistrict	Assal al-Ward al-Jebbah

An-Nabek District

An-Nabek Subdistrict	Al-Nabek Mashrafet Flita Qaldoun al-Marah Al-Qastal al-Sahel
Deir Atiyeh Subdistrict	Deir Atiyah Al-Humayra al-Jarajir
Qara Subdistrict	Qara

Al-Zabadani District

Al-Zabadani Subdistrict	Al-Zabadani Barheliya Bloudan Hosh Bajed Kafr al-Awamid Al-Rawdah (al-Batrounah) Souq Wadi Barada
Madaya Subdistrict	Madaya Baqin Hurayra
Serghaya Subdistrict	Serghaya Ain Hawr

Qatana District

Qatana Subdistrict	Qatana Ambiya al-Aamrat Arnah Artouz al-Bejaa Beqaasem Drousha Jdeidat Artouz Kafr Qouq Kawkab Khan al-Shih Manshiyat Khan al-Shih Mazraat Deir al-Ashayer Qalaat al-Jandal Rakhlah Ras al-Ayn Rima al-Sabboura Yaafour
Beit Jann Subdistrict	Beit Jinn Darbal Ain al-Shaara Harfa Hinah Khirbet al-Sawda Maghar al-Mir al-Maqrousa Mazraat Beit Jinn
Sa'sa Subdistrict	Sa'sa' Abou Qawouq al-Adnaniyah Beit Saber Beitima Deir Maker Denaji Dourin Hamrit al-Hubariyah Hosh al-Nufour Jisr al-Safra Kafr Hawr Kanaker Maas al-Nufour al-Qleiaah Rasem al-Tahin al-Shawkatliyah

Darayya District

Darayya Subdistrict	Darayya Muadamiyat al-Sham
Sahnaya Subdistrict	Sahnaya Ashrafiyat Sahnaya
Hajar al-Aswad Subdistrict	al-Hajar al-Aswad

Qudsaya District

Qudsaya Subdistrict	Qudsaya Ashrafiyat al-Wadi Basimah al-Hamah Jamraya Jdeidat al-Wadi Dahiyat Qudsaya
ad-Dimas Subdistrict	al-Dimas Jdeidat Yabous Kfeir Yabous Maadar Qura al-Assad Yabous
Ein al-Fijeh Subdistrict	Ain al-Fijah Efra Deir Muqaran Deir Qanun al-Husseiniyah Kfeir al-Zayt