Nonkekerasan

Nonkekerasan adalah praktik pribadi untuk tidak menyebabkan bahaya kepada orang lain dalam kondisi apa pun. Ini mungkin berasal dari keyakinan bahwa melukai orang, hewan dan/atau lingkungan tidak perlu untuk mencapai hasil dan mungkin merujuk pada filosofi umum tentang abstain dari kekerasan. Nonkekerasan memiliki elemen "aktif" atau "aktivis", di mana penganut umumnya menerima perlunya nonkekerasan sebagai sarana untuk mencapai perubahan politik dan sosial.

Dalam zaman modern, metode nonkekerasan telah menjadi alat yang ampuh untuk protes sosial dan perubahan sosial dan politik yang revolusioner.[1][2] Ada banyak contoh penggunaannya. Beberapa gerakan yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh filosofi nonkekerasan termasuk kepemimpinan Mahatma Gandhi dalam perjuangan nonkekerasan yang berhasil selama beberapa dekade untuk kemerdekaan India, adopsi metode nonkekerasan Gandhi oleh Martin Luther King Jr. dan James Bevel dalam kampanye mereka untuk memenangkan hak-hak sipil bagi orang Afrika-Amerika,[3][4] dan kampanye nonkekerasan César Chávez pada tahun 1960-an untuk memprotes perlakuan terhadap pekerja pertanian Meksiko di California.[5]

Referensi

  1. ^ Lester R. Kurtz, Jennifer E. Turpin, Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict, p.557, 1999. "In the West, nonviolence is well recognized for its tactical, strategic, or political aspects. It is seen as a powerful tool for redressing social inequality."
  2. ^ Mark Kurlansky, Nonviolence: The History of a Dangerous Idea, Foreword by Dalai Lama, p. 5-6, Modern Library (April 8, 2008), ISBN 0-8129-7447-6 "Advocates of nonviolence — dangerous people — have been there throughout history, questioning the greatness of Caesar and Napoleon and the Founding Fathers and Roosevelt and Churchill."
  3. ^ "James L. Bevel The Strategist of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement" by Randall L. Kryn, a paper in David Garrow's 1989 book We Shall Overcome Volume II, Carlson Publishing Company
  4. ^ "Movement Revision Research Summary Regarding James Bevel" by Randy Kryn, October 2005 Diarsipkan 2010-07-26 di Wayback Machine., published by Middlebury College
  5. ^ Stanley M. Burstein and Richard Shek: "World History Ancient Civilizations ", page 154. Holt, Rinhart and Winston, 2005. As Chavez once explained, "Nonviolence is not inaction. It is not for the timid or the weak. It is hard work, it is the patience to win."
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