Džamija Al-Azhar

Džamija Al-Azhar (arapski: الجامع الأزهر‎ al-Gāma` al-Azhar, "džamija najsjajnijih") je džamija u Islamskom Kairu u Egiptu. Njenu izgradnju je 970. započeo fatimidski kalif Al-Mu‘izz li-Dīn Allāh nedugo nakon osvajanja Egipta i osnivanja nove prijestolnice Kaira. Najčešće se navodi kako se ime odnosi na Fatimu, kćer islamskog proroka Muhameda koja je dobila titulu az-Zahrā′ ("sjajna"). Predstavljala je prvu džamiju u Kairu, gradu koji je poslije dobio titulu "grad hiljadu minareta."^{[nb 1]}

Nakon što je posvećena 972. godine, i nakon što su u njoj godine 989. zaposlena 35 učenjaka, džamija se s vremenom pretvorila u instituciju koja se danas smatra drugim najstarijim današnjim univerzitetom (iza Al Karaouinea. Univerzitet Al-Azhar se dugo vremena smatrao najvažnijo institucijom islamskog svijeta za proučavanje sunitske teologije i šerijata, odnosno islamskog prava. Univerzitet, koji je bio integriran u džamiju kao medresa od samog osnivanja, je godine 1961. nacionaliziran i proglašen nezavisnim, nakon Revolucije 1952.

Tokom hiljadugodišnje historije, džamija je bila i slavljena i zapuštena. S obzirom da su je osnovali ismailiti kao vlastitu instituciju, kasnije je bila zapuštena od strane Saladina i sunitske Ajubidske dinastije, koja ju je prestala financirati. To se promijenilo za vrijeme Mamelučkog Sultanata koji ju je značajno proširio i restaurirao. Danas se al-Azhar smatra jednom od najuticajnijih institucija u Egiptu i simbol islamskog Egipta.

Napomene

↑ Džamija Amr ibn al-Asa je najstarija džamija u modernom Kairu (kao i u Africi), sagrađena 642. Ona je, međutim, kao i još nekoliko njih u današnjem Kairu, sagrađena u gradu koji se zvao Fustat te koji je tek naknadno postao dio kasnije osnovanog Kaira.

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