| Toll-like receptor 9 |
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| 标识 |
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| 代号 | TLR9; CD289 |
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| 扩展标识 | 遗传学：605474 鼠基因：1932389 同源基因：68126 ChEMBL: 5804 GeneCards: TLR9 Gene |
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| 基因本体论描述 | | 分子功能 | · transmembrane signaling receptor activity
· interleukin-1 receptor binding
· siRNA binding
| | 细胞成分 | · Golgi membrane
· extracellular region
· cytoplasm
· lysosome
· endosome
· endoplasmic reticulum
· endoplasmic reticulum membrane
· plasma membrane
· endosome membrane
· integral component of membrane
· basolateral plasma membrane
· apical plasma membrane
· early phagosome
· endolysosome membrane
| | 生物过程 | · toll-like receptor signaling pathway
· response to molecule of bacterial origin
· MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
· inflammatory response
· I-kappaB phosphorylation
· insulin receptor signaling pathway
· positive regulation of gene expression
· maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium
· negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
· tumor necrosis factor production
· negative regulation of interleukin-6 production
· negative regulation of interleukin-8 production
· positive regulation of chemokine production
· positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
· positive regulation of interferon-beta production
· positive regulation of interleukin-10 production
· positive regulation of interleukin-12 production
· positive regulation of interleukin-18 production
· positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
· positive regulation of interleukin-8 production
· positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
· negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway
· positive regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway
· toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway
· positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
· defense response to bacterium
· positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
· positive regulation of JUN kinase activity
· positive regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process
· innate immune response
· positive regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process
· positive regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process
· positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
· positive regulation of JNK cascade
· regulation of cytokine secretion
· positive regulation of inflammatory response
· defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
· positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
· positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
· negative regulation of calcium-transporting ATPase activity
| | Sources: Amigo / QuickGO | |
| 直系同源体 |
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| 物种 | 人类 | 小鼠 |
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| Entrez | 54106 | 81897 |
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| Ensembl | ENSG00000239732 | ENSMUSG00000045322 |
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| UniProt | Q9NR96 | Q9EQU3 |
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| mRNA序列 | NM_017442 | NM_031178 |
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| 蛋白序列 | NP_059138 | NP_112455 |
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| 基因位置 | Chr 3:
52.22 – 52.23 Mb | Chr 9:
106.22 – 106.23 Mb |
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| PubMed查询 | [1] | [2] |
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Toll样受体9（英語：Toll-like receptor 9）是由人类基因 TLR9 编码的蛋白质[1]，也被称为CD289（分化簇289，cluster of differentiation 289），是Toll样受体（TLR）家族的成员。
功能
TLR家族的受体在病原识别与先天免疫的激活中起着基础作用。TLRs are named for the high degree of conservation in structure and function seen between mammalian TLRs and the Drosophila transmembrane protein Toll. TLRs是呈現在細胞表面和胞內間室的跨膜蛋白，用以識別病原體呈現的病原相关分子模式（Pathogen-associated molecular patterns，PAMPs），然後啟動製造先天和获得性免疫所需的细胞因子的信號。 The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. 这一基因通常表达于富含免疫细胞的组织，比如脾、淋巴结、骨髓等。研究指出，在小鼠和人中的TLR9受体可响应细菌DNA中的未甲基化的CpG寡脱氧核苷酸序列来激活先天免疫应答[2]。
TLR9可以识别DNA分子中的未甲基化的CpG序列，CpG位点在脊椎动物非常稀少（~1%），但在细菌或病毒基因组中很丰富。TLR9在免疫系统的多种细胞中有表达，如B淋巴细胞、单核细胞、自然杀伤细胞（NK）和浆细胞样树突状细胞。TLR9表达于细胞内，是核内体的组分之一，其功能为当细菌或病毒感染时结合其DNA上的富CpG基序来改变免疫系统的状态。TLR9的信号会导致细胞启动炎症反应，并分泌相关细胞因子，如I型干扰素和IL-12等。
临床意义
There are new immunomodulatory treatments undergoing testing which involve the administration of artificial DNA oligonucleotides containing the CpG motif. CpG DNA has applications in treating allergies such as asthma,[3] immunostimulation against cancer,[4] immunostimulation against pathogens, and as adjuvants in vaccines.[5]
蛋白质相互作用
参考文献
- ^ Du X, Poltorak A, Wei Y, Beutler B. Three novel mammalian toll-like receptors: gene structure, expression, and evolution. Eur Cytokine Netw. Dec 2000, 11 (3): 362–71. PMID 11022119.
- ^ Entrez Gene: TLR9 toll-like receptor 9.
- ^ Kline JN. Eat dirt: CpG DNA and immunomodulation of asthma. Proc Am Thorac Soc. July 2007, 4 (3): 283–8. PMC 2647631
. PMID 17607014. doi:10.1513/pats.200701-019AW. - ^ Thompson JA, Kuzel T, Bukowski R, Masciari F, Schmalbach T. Phase Ib trial of a targeted TLR9 CpG immunomodulator (CPG 7909) in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2004 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings (Post-Meeting Edition). July 2004, 22 (14S) [2016-01-14]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-08）.
- ^ Klinman DM. Adjuvant activity of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Int. Rev. Immunol. 2006, 25 (3-4): 135–54. PMID 16818369. doi:10.1080/08830180600743057.
- ^ Chuang TH, Ulevitch RJ. Triad3A, an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase regulating Toll-like receptors. Nat. Immunol. May 2004, 5 (5): 495–502. PMID 15107846. doi:10.1038/ni1066.
延伸阅读
- Lien E, Ingalls RR. Toll-like receptors.. Crit. Care Med. 2002, 30 (1 Suppl): S1–11. PMID 11782555. doi:10.1097/00003246-200201001-00001.
- Kaisho T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors as adjuvant receptors.. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2002, 1589 (1): 1–13. PMID 11909637. doi:10.1016/S0167-4889(01)00182-3.
外部链接
TLR9引用了美国国家医学图书馆提供的資料，这些資料属于公共领域。
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| | 受体 | |
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| | 其它胞外分子 | CD14 · MD2（英语：Lymphocyte antigen 96） · LBP（英语：Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein） |
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| | 胞内分子 | 衔接体： Myd88（英语：Myd88） · TRIF（英语：TRIF） · TIRAP（英语：TIRAP） · TRAF6（英语：TRAF6） · TOLLIP（英语：TOLLIP） IRAK1（英语：IRAK1） · IRAK4（英语：IRAK4） IRF3（英语：IRF3） TLR 3（英语：TLR 3） · TLR 7（英语：TLR 7） · TLR 8（英语：TLR 8） · TLR 9 |
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| | 信号转导索引 |
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| | 描述 | - 胞外
- 細胞表面受體（英语：Template:Cell surface receptors）
- 配体门控离子通道
- 酶联受體
- G蛋白偶聯受體
- 免疫球蛋白超家族（英语：Template:Immunoglobulin superfamily immune receptors）
- 整合素
- 神經肽受體
- 生長因子受體
- 细胞因子受體
- 胞內
- 受體蛋白（英语：Template:Signal transducing adaptor proteins）
- GTP-binding（英语：Template:GTP-binding protein regulators）
- MAP激酶
- 鈣信號
- 脂質系號
- 路徑
- hedgehog
- Wnt
- TGF-β
- MAPK ERK（英语：Template:MAPK ERK signaling pathway）
- notch（英语：Template:Notch signaling pathway）
- JAK-STAT
- 細胞凋亡
- hippo（英语：Template:Hippo signaling pathway）
- TLR
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