1929 Arthur's Pass earthquake
Earthquake in New Zealand
42°47′28″S 171°55′41″E / 42.791°S 171.928°E / -42.791; 171.928
The 1929 Arthur's Pass earthquake occurred at 10:50 pm NZMT on 9 March. The sparsely settled region around Arthur's Pass of the Southern Alps shook for four minutes.[1] Tremors continued almost continuously until midnight and sporadic strong aftershocks were felt for several days.
The earthquake was measured at 7.1 on the Richter magnitude scale and the intensity of shaking in the epicentral region has been assessed from historical records as VIII (Severe) on the Modified Mercalli Scale. Intensities of VI (Strong) were observed in Christchurch and Westport.[1] The earthquake occurred on the Poulter Fault, which was not identified and mapped until 2001.
Tectonic setting
New Zealand lies along the boundary between the Australian and Pacific plates. In the South Island most of the relative displacement between these plates is taken up along a single dextral (right lateral) strike-slip fault with a major reverse component, the Alpine Fault. In the North Island the displacement is mainly taken up along the Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone, although the remaining dextral strike-slip component is accommodated by the North Island Fault System.[2] The Poulter Fault runs for approximately 50 km east-north-east from near the confluence of the Bealey and Mingha rivers to the valley of the South Hurunui River. Between 16 km and 36 km of the fault ruptured, with dextral displacement of up to 4 metres and dip-slip displacement of 1–2 metres (North side up).[3]
Effects
Numerous landslides were triggered, damaging the Midland Railway and blocking roads. The highway connecting Canterbury and the West Coast via Arthur's Pass was closed for several months. Many water tanks and chimneys were damaged or toppled. Two years after the earthquake, trampers in the Otahake Valley discovered that a 900m high section of the side of a mountain had collapsed, blocking the valley and sending debris 5 km downstream.[4]
Although (as of 2009[update]) this is one of the ten largest land-based earthquakes to strike New Zealand since European settlement, it was overshadowed by the more deadly 1929 Murchison earthquake a few months later.[citation needed]
See also
References
- ^ a b Eileen McSaveney (21 September 2007). "Historic earthquakes". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 2 January 2009. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
- ^ Mouslopoulou,V., Nicol,A., Little, T.A. & Walsh, J.J. 2007. Terminations of large strike-slip faults: an alternative model from New Zealand. In: Cunningham, W. D. & Mann, P (eds).Tectonics of Strike-Slip Restraining and Releasing Bends. Geological Society of London, Special Publication, 290; p. 387–415.
- ^ Kelvin Berryman, Pilar Villamor (20 May 2004). "Surface rupture of the Poulter Fault in the 1929 March 9 Arthur's Pass earthquake, and redefinition of the Kakapo Fault, New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 47 (2): 341–351. Bibcode:2004NZJGG..47..341B. doi:10.1080/00288306.2004.9515060.
- ^ Oliver Korup; Alexander Strom; Johannes Weidinger (1 August 2006). "Fluvial response to large rock-slope failures: Examples from the Himalayas, the Tien Shan, and the Southern Alps in New Zealand". Geomorphology. 78 (1–2): 3–21. Bibcode:2006Geomo..78....3K. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.020.
External links
- Photograph of Falling Mountain landslip – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand
- The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
- v
- t
- e
Earthquakes in the 1920s
- Veracruz (6.4, Jan 3) †
- Gori (6.2, Feb 20) †
- Garfagnana (6.5, Sep 7) †
- Haiyuan (7.8, Dec 16) †‡
- Mendoza (6.0, Dec 17)
- Massawa (6.1, August 14)† ‡
- Sevier Valley (6.3/5.7/6.3, Sep 29/Oct 1)
- 1st Kamchatka (8.4, February 3)
- Renda (7.0, March 24)†
- 2nd Kamchatka (8.2, April 13)†
- Great Kantō (8.1, September 1)† ‡
- Charlevoix–Kamouraska (6.2, Feb 28)
- Dali (7.0, Mar 16) †‡
- Montana (6.9, June 27)
- Santa Barbara (6.8, June 29)
- Chirpan–Plovdiv (7.1/7.1, Apr 14/Apr 18) †
- Chachapoyas (7.2, May 14)
- Talca (7.6, Dec 1) †‡
- Cumaná (6.9, Jan 17) †
- Arthur's Pass (7.1, Mar 9)
- Kopet Dag (7.2, May 1) †‡
- Suşehri (6.3, May 18) †
- Murchison (7.8, June 17)
- Grand Banks (7.2, Nov 18)
† indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
‡ indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
‡ indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
