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 County and independent city results Howell: 30-40% 40-50% 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% Kostel: 30-40% 40-50% 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% Shafran: 30-40% 40-50% 50-60% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Elections in Virginia |
|---|
 |
The 1971 Virginia lieutenant gubernatorial special election was held on November 2, 1971, to elect the next Lieutenant Governor of Virginia following the death of incumbent J. Sargeant Reynolds on June 13. The election was concurrent with the 1971 Virginia Senate election and 1971 Virginia House of Delegates election. Independent candidate Henry Howell won against both Democratic nominee George J. Kostel and Republican nominee George P. Shafran.[1]
Background
[edit]J. Sergeant Reynolds had been elected as a Democrat to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1965,[2] at a time of profound political change in Virginia due to the Twenty-fourth Amendment and the Voting Rights Act[3] greatly expanding an electorate that had previously been the smallest in the country due to poll taxes and literacy tests.[4]
In 1969, Sargeant Reynolds had been the only gubernatorial candidate to win statewide office, and previously the only candidate to gain a majority in the first Democratic party primary.[5] He was universally seen as the Democrats' best hope to recapture the governors' mansion in 1973, but eight months into his tenure as lieutenant governor a desperate shock would occur when it was discovered he had a brain tumor.[6] Doctors always ruled out surgery and hoped that radiation treatment and rest would solve the problem,[7] but ultimately Reynolds would die at the age of just thirty-four on June 14.
With the death of Reynolds, confusion emerged over how to select candidates.[8] State Senator and defeated 1969 Democratic gubernatorial primary candidate Henry Howell had already considered an independent run by the end of June,[8] especially as he believed a convention of Democratic regulars would fail to nominate him.[9] By mid-July, it had been announced that no primary election would be held and the Democratic party would nominate its candidate by convention on August 14.[10]
General election
[edit]Candidates
[edit]- Henry Howell (Independent), State Senator
- George J. Kostel (Democratic), State Delegate
- George P. Shafran (Republican), State Delegate
Results
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | Henry Howell | 362,371 | 39.95% | ||
| Democratic | George J. Kostel | 334,580 | 36.89% | ||
| Republican | George P. Shafran | 209,861 | 23.14% | ||
| Majority | 27,791 | 3.06% | |||
| Turnout | 906,893 | ||||
| Independent gain from Democratic | Swing | ||||
| George J. Kostel Democratic |
George P. Shafran Republican |
Henry Evans Howell, Jr. Independent |
Various candidates Write-ins |
Margin[a] | Total votes cast | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Accomack County | 2,499 | 36.70% | 870 | 12.78% | 3,441 | 50.53% | -942 | -13.83% | 6,810 | ||
| Albemarle County | 2,883 | 36.54% | 1,691 | 21.43% | 3,315 | 42.02% | -432 | -5.48% | 7,889 | ||
| Alleghany County | 2,165 | 59.28% | 372 | 10.19% | 1,115 | 30.53% | 1,050 | 28.75% | 3,652 | ||
| Amelia County | 991 | 45.50% | 224 | 10.28% | 963 | 44.21% | 28 | 1.29% | 2,178 | ||
| Amherst County | 2,195 | 46.13% | 853 | 17.93% | 1,710 | 35.94% | 485 | 10.19% | 4,758 | ||
| Appomattox County | 2,127 | 59.26% | 293 | 8.16% | 1,168 | 32.54% | 1 | 0.03% | 959 | 26.72% | 3,589 |
| Arlington County | 7,186 | 22.43% | 13,543 | 42.28% | 11,302 | 35.28% | 1 | 0.00% | 2,241[b] | 7.00% | 32,032 |
| Augusta County | 2,782 | 34.42% | 3,042 | 37.64% | 2,258 | 27.94% | -260[c] | -3.22% | 8,082 | ||
| Bath County | 1,110 | 59.49% | 289 | 15.49% | 467 | 25.03% | 643 | 34.46% | 1,866 | ||
| Bedford County | 2,181 | 39.15% | 1,068 | 19.17% | 2,322 | 41.68% | -141 | -2.53% | 5,571 | ||
| Bland County | 604 | 30.88% | 562 | 28.73% | 790 | 40.39% | -186 | -9.51% | 1,956 | ||
| Botetourt County | 2,383 | 44.09% | 1,234 | 22.83% | 1,788 | 33.08% | 595 | 11.01% | 5,405 | ||
| Brunswick County | 2,575 | 41.30% | 407 | 6.53% | 3,253 | 52.17% | -678 | -10.87% | 6,235 | ||
| Buchanan County | 4,502 | 58.47% | 2,451 | 31.83% | 747 | 9.70% | 2,051[c] | 26.64% | 7,700 | ||
| Buckingham County | 1,590 | 45.78% | 285 | 8.21% | 1,598 | 46.01% | -8 | -0.23% | 3,473 | ||
| Campbell County | 4,214 | 46.52% | 2,104 | 23.23% | 2,740 | 30.25% | 1,474 | 16.27% | 9,058 | ||
| Caroline County | 1,056 | 30.96% | 296 | 8.68% | 2,059 | 60.36% | -1,003 | -29.40% | 3,411 | ||
| Carroll County | 1,333 | 27.20% | 2,512 | 51.27% | 1,055 | 21.53% | -1,179[c] | -24.06% | 4,900 | ||
| Charles City County | 310 | 17.82% | 170 | 9.77% | 1,260 | 72.41% | -950 | -54.60% | 1,740 | ||
| Charlotte County | 1,597 | 43.10% | 408 | 11.01% | 1,700 | 45.88% | -103 | -2.78% | 3,705 | ||
| Chesterfield County | 8,130 | 51.56% | 2,266 | 14.37% | 5,373 | 34.07% | 2,757 | 17.48% | 15,769 | ||
| Clarke County | 1,319 | 46.66% | 633 | 22.39% | 875 | 30.95% | 444 | 15.71% | 2,827 | ||
| Craig County | 555 | 41.48% | 297 | 22.20% | 486 | 36.32% | 69 | 5.16% | 1,338 | ||
| Culpeper County | 1,712 | 48.20% | 772 | 21.73% | 1,068 | 30.07% | 644 | 18.13% | 3,552 | ||
| Cumberland County | 788 | 41.69% | 154 | 8.15% | 948 | 50.16% | -160 | -8.47% | 1,890 | ||
| Dickenson County | 2,673 | 38.81% | 3,133 | 45.49% | 1,081 | 15.70% | -460[c] | -6.68% | 6,887 | ||
| Dinwiddie County | 2,212 | 40.80% | 476 | 8.78% | 2,732 | 50.40% | 1 | 0.02% | -520 | -9.59% | 5,421 |
| Essex County | 942 | 41.87% | 350 | 15.56% | 958 | 42.58% | -16 | -0.71% | 2,250 | ||
| Fairfax County | 13,973 | 21.30% | 26,261 | 40.03% | 25,373 | 38.67% | 888[b] | 1.35% | 65,607 | ||
| Fauquier County | 2,135 | 41.42% | 1,232 | 23.90% | 1,788 | 34.68% | 347 | 6.73% | 5,155 | ||
| Floyd County | 779 | 22.98% | 1,231 | 36.31% | 1,380 | 40.71% | -149[b] | -4.40% | 3,390 | ||
| Fluvanna County | 578 | 40.33% | 248 | 17.31% | 607 | 42.36% | -29 | -2.02% | 1,433 | ||
| Franklin County | 3,607 | 48.52% | 1,426 | 19.18% | 2,401 | 32.30% | 1,206 | 16.22% | 7,434 | ||
| Frederick County | 1,539 | 31.80% | 1,144 | 23.64% | 2,156 | 44.55% | -617 | -12.75% | 4,839 | ||
| Giles County | 1,974 | 33.28% | 1,492 | 25.15% | 2,466 | 41.57% | -492 | -8.29% | 5,932 | ||
| Gloucester County | 1,219 | 31.43% | 668 | 17.23% | 1,991 | 51.34% | -772 | -19.91% | 3,878 | ||
| Goochland County | 1,141 | 40.76% | 320 | 11.43% | 1,338 | 47.80% | -197 | -7.04% | 2,799 | ||
| Grayson County | 2,155 | 40.58% | 2,351 | 44.27% | 805 | 15.16% | -196[c] | -3.69% | 5,311 | ||
| Greene County | 455 | 25.31% | 371 | 20.63% | 972 | 54.06% | -517 | -28.75% | 1,798 | ||
| Greensville County | 973 | 36.65% | 210 | 7.91% | 1,472 | 55.44% | -499 | -18.79% | 2,655 | ||
| Halifax County | 2,553 | 41.89% | 668 | 10.96% | 2,872 | 47.13% | 1 | 0.02% | -319 | -5.23% | 6,094 |
| Hanover County | 4,404 | 52.11% | 1,083 | 12.82% | 2,964 | 35.07% | 1,440 | 17.04% | 8,451 | ||
| Henrico County | 20,428 | 61.07% | 4,805 | 14.37% | 8,216 | 24.56% | 12,212 | 36.51% | 33,449 | ||
| Henry County | 3,366 | 35.41% | 1,890 | 19.88% | 4,251 | 44.71% | -885 | -9.31% | 9,507 | ||
| Highland County | 304 | 32.31% | 397 | 42.19% | 240 | 25.50% | -93[c] | -9.88% | 941 | ||
| Isle of Wight County | 1,573 | 31.52% | 573 | 11.48% | 2,839 | 56.89% | 5 | 0.10% | -1,266 | -25.37% | 4,990 |
| James City County | 1,052 | 30.67% | 619 | 18.05% | 1,758 | 51.25% | 1 | 0.03% | -706 | -20.58% | 3,430 |
| King and Queen County | 560 | 35.78% | 207 | 13.23% | 796 | 50.86% | 2 | 0.13% | -236 | -15.08% | 1,565 |
| King George County | 488 | 24.89% | 364 | 18.56% | 1,109 | 56.55% | -621 | -31.67% | 1,961 | ||
| King William County | 866 | 41.16% | 260 | 12.36% | 978 | 46.48% | -112 | -5.32% | 2,104 | ||
| Lancaster County | 1,258 | 40.17% | 547 | 17.46% | 1,327 | 42.37% | -69 | -2.20% | 3,132 | ||
| Lee County | 3,587 | 39.67% | 4,048 | 44.77% | 1,406 | 15.55% | -461[c] | -5.10% | 9,041 | ||
| Loudoun County | 2,626 | 37.22% | 1,888 | 26.76% | 2,542 | 36.03% | 84 | 1.19% | 7,056 | ||
| Louisa County | 1,544 | 46.38% | 394 | 11.84% | 1,391 | 41.78% | 153 | 4.60% | 3,329 | ||
| Lunenburg County | 1,377 | 52.52% | 236 | 9.00% | 1,001 | 38.18% | 8 | 0.31% | 376 | 14.34% | 2,622 |
| Madison County | 745 | 39.61% | 397 | 21.11% | 739 | 39.29% | 6 | 0.32% | 1,881 | ||
| Mathews County | 668 | 30.42% | 523 | 23.82% | 1,005 | 45.77% | -337 | -15.35% | 2,196 | ||
| Mecklenburg County | 3,347 | 55.86% | 546 | 9.11% | 2,099 | 35.03% | 1,248 | 20.83% | 5,992 | ||
| Middlesex County | 896 | 44.73% | 296 | 14.78% | 811 | 40.49% | 85 | 4.24% | 2,003 | ||
| Montgomery County | 2,799 | 31.29% | 2,874 | 32.13% | 3,273 | 36.59% | -399[b] | -4.46% | 8,946 | ||
| Nelson County | 1,638 | 47.85% | 435 | 12.71% | 1,350 | 39.44% | 288 | 8.41% | 3,423 | ||
| New Kent County | 549 | 35.15% | 204 | 13.06% | 809 | 51.79% | -260 | -16.65% | 1,562 | ||
| Northampton County | 1,142 | 39.23% | 370 | 12.71% | 1,399 | 48.06% | -257 | -8.83% | 2,911 | ||
| Northumberland County | 1,044 | 38.54% | 402 | 14.84% | 1,263 | 46.62% | -219 | -8.08% | 2,709 | ||
| Nottoway County | 1,744 | 51.80% | 268 | 7.96% | 1,355 | 40.24% | 389 | 11.55% | 3,367 | ||
| Orange County | 1,268 | 46.31% | 494 | 18.04% | 976 | 35.65% | 292 | 10.66% | 2,738 | ||
| Page County | 2,134 | 32.89% | 2,251 | 34.69% | 2,104 | 32.42% | -117[c] | -1.80% | 6,489 | ||
| Patrick County | 1,422 | 38.60% | 1,159 | 31.46% | 1,103 | 29.94% | 263[c] | 7.14% | 3,684 | ||
| Pittsylvania County | 4,377 | 41.61% | 1,711 | 16.26% | 4,421 | 42.02% | 11 | 0.10% | -44 | -0.42% | 10,520 |
| Powhatan County | 954 | 40.77% | 255 | 10.90% | 1,131 | 48.33% | -177 | -7.56% | 2,340 | ||
| Prince Edward County | 2,021 | 50.54% | 341 | 8.53% | 1,636 | 40.91% | 1 | 0.03% | 385 | 9.63% | 3,999 |
| Prince George County | 1,257 | 39.45% | 339 | 10.64% | 1,589 | 49.87% | 1 | 0.03% | -332 | -10.42% | 3,186 |
| Prince William County | 3,213 | 25.68% | 3,785 | 30.26% | 5,512 | 44.06% | -1,727[b] | -13.80% | 12,510 | ||
| Pulaski County | 2,379 | 32.72% | 2,020 | 27.78% | 2,872 | 39.50% | -493 | -6.78% | 7,271 | ||
| Rappahannock County | 682 | 44.52% | 253 | 16.51% | 597 | 38.97% | 85 | 5.55% | 1,532 | ||
| Richmond County | 744 | 42.42% | 338 | 19.27% | 672 | 38.31% | 72 | 4.10% | 1,754 | ||
| Roanoke County | 4,870 | 33.95% | 4,480 | 31.23% | 4,994 | 34.82% | -124 | -0.86% | 14,344 | ||
| Rockbridge County | 1,215 | 40.98% | 754 | 25.43% | 996 | 33.59% | 219 | 7.39% | 2,965 | ||
| Rockingham County | 3,184 | 33.54% | 3,382 | 35.63% | 2,927 | 30.83% | -198[c] | -2.09% | 9,493 | ||
| Russell County | 3,954 | 44.54% | 3,373 | 37.99% | 1,551 | 17.47% | 581[c] | 6.54% | 8,878 | ||
| Scott County | 2,655 | 38.66% | 2,903 | 42.27% | 1,309 | 19.06% | -248[c] | -3.61% | 6,867 | ||
| Shenandoah County | 2,136 | 27.87% | 3,710 | 48.40% | 1,819 | 23.73% | -1,574[c] | -20.53% | 7,665 | ||
| Smyth County | 2,419 | 37.50% | 2,053 | 31.82% | 1,979 | 30.68% | 366[c] | 5.67% | 6,451 | ||
| Southampton County | 1,786 | 47.09% | 348 | 9.17% | 1,657 | 43.69% | 2 | 0.05% | 129 | 3.40% | 3,793 |
| Spotsylvania County | 901 | 19.63% | 585 | 12.74% | 3,105 | 67.63% | -2,204 | -48.01% | 4,591 | ||
| Stafford County | 1,166 | 18.45% | 994 | 15.73% | 4,161 | 65.83% | -2,995 | -47.38% | 6,321 | ||
| Surry County | 727 | 33.66% | 149 | 6.90% | 1,284 | 59.44% | -557 | -25.79% | 2,160 | ||
| Sussex County | 1,483 | 37.73% | 313 | 7.96% | 2,135 | 54.31% | -652 | -16.59% | 3,931 | ||
| Tazewell County | 3,146 | 38.51% | 2,171 | 26.58% | 2,852 | 34.91% | 294 | 3.60% | 8,169 | ||
| Warren County | 1,668 | 35.29% | 1,031 | 21.81% | 2,028 | 42.90% | -360 | -7.62% | 4,727 | ||
| Washington County | 3,504 | 42.43% | 2,806 | 33.98% | 1,948 | 23.59% | 698[c] | 8.45% | 8,258 | ||
| Westmoreland County | 709 | 36.14% | 360 | 18.35% | 893 | 45.51% | -184 | -9.38% | 1,962 | ||
| Wise County | 6,372 | 48.15% | 4,409 | 33.32% | 2,452 | 18.53% | 1,963[c] | 14.83% | 13,233 | ||
| Wythe County | 1,994 | 39.82% | 1,855 | 37.04% | 1,159 | 23.14% | 139[c] | 2.78% | 5,008 | ||
| York County | 1,881 | 29.94% | 1,216 | 19.36% | 3,185 | 50.70% | -1,304 | -20.76% | 6,282 | ||
| Alexandria City | 3,574 | 26.91% | 4,572 | 34.43% | 5,134 | 38.66% | 1 | 0.01% | -562[b] | -4.23% | 13,281 |
| Bedford City | 705 | 51.24% | 283 | 20.57% | 388 | 28.20% | 317 | 23.04% | 1,376 | ||
| Bristol City | 1,205 | 60.95% | 471 | 23.82% | 301 | 15.23% | 734[c] | 37.13% | 1,977 | ||
| Buena Vista City | 506 | 62.78% | 106 | 13.15% | 194 | 24.07% | 312 | 38.71% | 806 | ||
| Charlottesville City | 2,971 | 35.73% | 1,641 | 19.74% | 3,703 | 44.53% | -732 | -8.80% | 8,315 | ||
| Chesapeake City | 3,988 | 26.72% | 1,894 | 12.69% | 9,041 | 60.58% | -5,053 | -33.86% | 14,923 | ||
| Clifton Forge City | 1,311 | 78.36% | 75 | 4.48% | 287 | 17.15% | 1,024 | 61.21% | 1,673 | ||
| Colonial Heights City | 1,911 | 54.91% | 535 | 15.37% | 1,034 | 29.71% | 877 | 25.20% | 3,480 | ||
| Covington City | 2,165 | 59.28% | 372 | 10.19% | 1,115 | 30.53% | 1,050 | 28.75% | 3,652 | ||
| Danville City | 2,422 | 37.86% | 1,750 | 27.35% | 2,218 | 34.67% | 8 | 0.13% | 204 | 3.19% | 6,398 |
| Emporia City | 721 | 48.82% | 138 | 9.34% | 618 | 41.84% | 103 | 6.97% | 1,477 | ||
| Fairfax City | 527 | 18.58% | 1,094 | 38.58% | 1,215 | 42.84% | -121[b] | -4.27% | 2,836 | ||
| Falls Church City | 484 | 22.93% | 732 | 34.68% | 895 | 42.40% | -163[b] | -7.72% | 2,111 | ||
| Franklin City | 563 | 42.43% | 172 | 12.96% | 591 | 44.54% | 1 | 0.08% | -28 | -2.11% | 1,327 |
| Fredericksburg City | 835 | 28.79% | 501 | 17.28% | 1,564 | 53.93% | -729 | -25.14% | 2,900 | ||
| Galax City | 722 | 46.28% | 571 | 36.60% | 267 | 17.12% | 151[c] | 9.68% | 1,560 | ||
| Hampton City | 4,698 | 29.28% | 2,554 | 15.92% | 8,794 | 54.80% | 1 | 0.01% | -4,096 | -25.53% | 16,047 |
| Harrisonburg City | 1,278 | 40.05% | 1,130 | 35.41% | 783 | 24.54% | 148[c] | 4.64% | 3,191 | ||
| Hopewell City | 2,014 | 45.48% | 661 | 14.93% | 1,753 | 39.59% | 261 | 5.89% | 4,428 | ||
| Lexington City | 687 | 45.32% | 347 | 22.89% | 482 | 31.79% | 205 | 13.52% | 1,516 | ||
| Lynchburg City | 4,626 | 47.29% | 2,409 | 24.63% | 2,747 | 28.08% | 1,879 | 19.21% | 9,782 | ||
| Martinsville City | 1,490 | 41.23% | 772 | 21.36% | 1,352 | 37.41% | 138 | 3.82% | 3,614 | ||
| Newport News City | 7,138 | 33.43% | 3,519 | 16.48% | 10,698 | 50.10% | -3,560 | -16.67% | 21,355 | ||
| Norfolk City | 10,156 | 25.04% | 6,419 | 15.83% | 23,978 | 59.12% | 4 | 0.01% | -13,822 | -34.08% | 40,557 |
| Norton City | 677 | 53.56% | 350 | 27.69% | 237 | 18.75% | 327[c] | 25.87% | 1,264 | ||
| Petersburg City | 2,976 | 38.19% | 491 | 6.30% | 4,308 | 55.28% | 18 | 0.23% | -1,332 | -17.09% | 7,793 |
| Portsmouth City | 5,524 | 25.49% | 2,517 | 11.61% | 13,633 | 62.90% | -8,109 | -37.41% | 21,674 | ||
| Radford City | 879 | 32.28% | 1,046 | 38.41% | 798 | 29.31% | -167[c] | -6.13% | 2,723 | ||
| Richmond City | 21,850 | 45.55% | 4,634 | 9.66% | 21,484 | 44.78% | 4 | 0.01% | 366 | 0.76% | 47,972 |
| Roanoke City | 5,612 | 35.10% | 4,219 | 26.39% | 6,153 | 38.49% | 3 | 0.02% | -541 | -3.38% | 15,987 |
| Salem City | 1,502 | 35.60% | 1,199 | 28.42% | 1,518 | 35.98% | -16 | -0.38% | 4,219 | ||
| South Boston City | 870 | 53.21% | 209 | 12.78% | 556 | 34.01% | 314 | 19.20% | 1,635 | ||
| Staunton City | 2,239 | 44.03% | 1,651 | 32.47% | 1,195 | 23.50% | 588[c] | 11.56% | 5,085 | ||
| Suffolk City | 981 | 50.00% | 246 | 12.54% | 735 | 37.46% | 246 | 12.54% | 1,962 | ||
| Virginia Beach City | 7,732 | 31.09% | 5,209 | 20.95% | 11,926 | 47.96% | -4,194 | -16.87% | 24,867 | ||
| Waynesboro City | 1,210 | 34.33% | 1,509 | 42.81% | 806 | 22.87% | -299[c] | -8.48% | 3,525 | ||
| Williamsburg City | 679 | 42.44% | 295 | 18.44% | 626 | 39.13% | 53 | 3.31% | 1,600 | ||
| Winchester City | 1,568 | 42.26% | 1,026 | 27.65% | 1,116 | 30.08% | 452 | 12.18% | 3,710 | ||
| Totals | 334,580 | 36.89% | 209,861 | 23.14% | 362,371 | 39.96% | 81 | 0.01% | -27,791 | -3.06% | 906,893 |
Notes
[edit]- ^ Because Howell won the election as an independent and Kostel ran second in the state as a whole, all margins are Kostel vote minus Howell vote and all percentage margins Kostel percentage minus Howell percentage unless stated otherwise for the county in question.
- ^ a b c d e f g h In this county or city where Kostel ran third behind both Shafran and Howell, margin given is Shafran vote minus Howell vote and percentage margin Shafran percentage minus Howell percentage.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x In this county where Howell did run third behind Kostel and Shafran, margin given is Kostel vote minus Shafran vote and percentage margin Kostel percentgae minus Shafran percentage.
References
[edit]- ^ "Virginia Elections Database » 1971 Lieutenant Governor Special General Election". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
- ^ Miller, Andrew P. (November 1971). "J. Sargeant Reynolds: What He Was, Not What He Might Have Been". Virginia Law Review. 57 (8): 1312–1314.
- ^ Levy, Mark R; Kramer, Michael S. (1973). "The Blacks: Overcoming in a New Way". The Ethnic Factor: How America's Minorities Decide Elections. New York City: Simon and Schuster. pp. 52–53.
- ^ Key, Valdimer Orlando (1949). Southern Politics in State and Nation. New York City: A.A. Knopf. pp. 20, 495.
- ^ Sweeney, James R. (Summer 1998). "J. Sargeant Reynolds: What Might Have Been: Review of Sarge Reynolds: In The Time Of His Life by Andy McCutcheon and Michael P. Gleason". The Virginia Quarterly Review. 74 (3). University of Virginia: 578–580.
- ^ Kelley, George M. (August 31, 1970). "Reynolds Suffering from Brain Tumor". The Roanoke Times. Landmark News Service. p. 1.
- ^ "Reynolds Back in Hospital". Martinsville Bulletin. May 5, 1971. p. 1.
- ^ a b Latimer, James (June 30, 1971). "Double Race by Candidate Held Possible". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. B1.
- ^ Sweeney, James R. (2022). "Armageddon Revisited: The 1973 Gubernatorial Election in Virginia". The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 130 (4). Virginia Historical Society: 290–347.
- ^ Latimer, James (July 14, 1971). "McMath Considers No. 2 Role". Richmond Times-Dispatch. pp. B1.
- ^ "VA Lt. Governor – Special Election, November 06, 1971". Our Campaigns.