Bophuthatswana Defence Force

Defence force of the Republic of Bophuthatswana

Bophuthatswana Defence Force
Bophuthatswana Weermag
Flag of the BDF
Founded6 December 1977
DisbandedApril 1994
Service branchesInfantry
Special Forces
Air Force
HeadquartersMmabatho
Leadership
Commander-in-chiefLucas Mangope
Chief of the Defence ForceMaj. Gen. H.S. Turner
Personnel
Military age18–49
Deployed personnel3,000 (1988)
Related articles
HistoryMilitary history of South Africa
RanksMilitary ranks of Bophuthatswana

The Bophuthatswana Defence Force (Afrikaans: Bophuthatswana Weermag; BDF) was established on 6 December 1977 from trainees of the South African Defence Force. It was the defence force of the Republic of Bophuthatswana, a nominally independent bantustan during the Apartheid era of South Africa.

Organisation and structure

A National Guard of about 125 soldiers initially formed the Bophuthatswana National Guard in time for the independence of Bophuthatswana. Initially this group merely performed ceremonial duties and was housed within the office of the President.

A SADF Officer, Brigadier Riekerk, served as a military adviser to President Lucas Mangope. Over time an embryonic Department of Defence was developed resulting in the establishment of the Bophuthatswana Defence Force (BDF) on the 30 November 1979 with Brigadier Riekerk as the Minister of Defence and Lt Col Jack Turner as the Chief of the BDF.

Development of the BDF

Bases and areas of command

The BDF developed military areas and bases at:

  • 1 Military Area covered the region of Mafikeng, Mmabatho, and Lehurutse and housed:
    • The Molopo base, with One Infantry Battalion, the Military School and the Technical Services Unit
    • The Lehuru Tshe base, with the Parachute Battalion
  • 2 Military Area covered the region of Mankwe and Moretele and housed:
    • The Mankwe base, with Two Infantry Battalion, a COIN unit
    • The Bafokeng base, a company group base
    • The Odi base, a company group base
  • 3 Military Area covered the region of Thaba’Nchu and Taung and housed:
    • The Thaba’Nchu base, a company group base and
    • The Taung base, a company group base.

Units

One BDF Infantry Battalion

The first true armed unit formed was One Infantry Battalion based at Molopo, while its training wing eventually formed the Military School.

Technical Services Unit

A Technical Services Unit at Molopo was also formed from a Light Workshop Troop.

Two BDF Infantry Battalion

A second Infantry Battalion was formed and based at Mankwe, specialising in COIN operations.

Parachute and Special Forces

A Parachute Battalion and Special Forces Unit was also formed. Together these units formed the Task Force.

Other Units

  • BDF Signals Unit with a Supply Depot was housed at the old Mafikeng Air Base after the establishment of Air Force Base Mmabatho.
  • BDF Supply Depot
  • BDF Maintenance Unit

Air Wing

Based at Air Force Base Mmabatho and consisted of:

• A Transport Wing: Operated CASA 212, CASA 235 and Pilatus PC-6

• A Helicopter Wing: Aérospatiale Alouette III and BK 117s

• A Training Wing: Pilatus PC-7

Brigadier M.P. Janse van Rensburg as Chief fell under the Chief of the BDF.[1]

Attempted coup

The establishment of the Bophuthatswana National Security Unit as an addendum to the BDF in 1986 may have contributed to the aborted coup attempt of 2 February 1988. This unit was primarily responsible for the provision of infrastructure. One contentious issue was the low entry requirements for the BNSU compared to that of the BDF, resulting in dissatisfaction.

After the coup was thwarted through the intervention of the SADF, Brigadier Riekert resigned as Minister of Defence and President Mangope personally took over the defence portfolio. The BNSU was disbanded and a small number of former BNSU members were allowed to join the BDF. For practical reasons, a Defence Committee under the chairmanship of Minister Rowan Cronje was established to assist the Chief of the BDF in dealing with welfare and social issues, since these were considered to be the most important sources of the dissatisfaction which had contributed to the coup attempt. Minister Cronje subsequently took over the defence portfolio in 1991.

Invasion of Bophuthatswana

On 11 March 1994, following a request from President Mangope for assistance from the Afrikaner Volksfront, hundreds of Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB) members unlawfully entered Bophuthatswana from South Africa, to "help" restore control in the face of a strike by civil servants, resulting in 42 residents of Mafikeng killed and three AWB members shot dead by a Bophuthatswana Police sergeant.

The unrest ended when SADF was officially requested to assist in restoring safety and security, by General Turner (Chief of BDF). The request was done as per security agreement between the BDF and SADF. Bophuthatswana was then soon thereafter placed under the control of the South African government.

Shortly afterwards, Mangope was removed from power and a temporary administrator was put in place by the South African Transitional Executive Council[2]

Disbandment

During the historical 1994 South African general election, 2 SSB took part in Operation Baccarat (stability in Mmabatho and Passado (border protection) as a peace force to ensure stability in the North West Province).

On 19 December 1994, the Bophuthatswana Defence Force Parachute Battalion at Gopane was placed under operational command of 2 SSB, as part of the founding of the SANDF. 2 SSB withdrew simultaneously from Nietverdiend and Nooitgedacht. From August 1994 to 15 June 1995 successful bridging training was provided for 550 formerly non-statutory force members.

With the end of Apartheid in 1994 in South Africa, the former defence forces of the bantustans were incorporated into the newly formed South African National Defence Force.

The SANDF's new 10 South African Infantry Battalion heraldry clearly originates from the Bophuthatswana Defence Force, its forebear.

Insignia

Bophuthatswana Defence Force Structure

Ranks

The ranks of the BDF were:[3][4]

Officers
Rank group General / flag officers Senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
Bophuthatswana Army[5]
  • v
  • t
  • e
Major general
Generaal-majoor
Brigadier
Brigadier
Colonel
Kolonel
Commandant
Kommandant
Major
Majoor
Captain
Kaptein
Lieutenant
Luitenant
2nd lieutenant
Tweede luitenant
Officer candidate
Kandidaat offisier


Bophuthatswana Air Force[5]
  • v
  • t
  • e
Brigadier
Brigadier
Colonel
Kolonel
Commandant
Kommandant
Major
Majoor
Captain
Kaptein
Lieutenant
Luitenant
Second lieutenant
Tweede luitenant
Officer candidate
Kandidaat offisier
Others
Rank group Senior NCOs Junior NCOs Enlisted
Bophuthatswana Army[5]
  • v
  • t
  • e
No insignia
Warrant officer class 1
Warrant officer class 2
Staff sergeant
Sergeant
Corporal
Lance corporal
Private


Bophuthatswana Air Force[5]
  • v
  • t
  • e
No insignia
Sergeant Major of the Air Force
Sersant-Majoor van die Lugmag
Warrant officer class 1
Adjudant-Offisier Klass I
Warrant officer class 2
Adjudant-Offisier Klass II
Staff sergeant
Staf-Sersant
Sergeant
Sersant
Corporal
Korporaal
Lance corporal
Onderkorporaal
Private
Soldaat

Equipment

The BDF was equipped for counter-insurgency (COIN) operations. The BDF used:

  • R4/R5 assault rifles,
  • 7,62 mm Light Machine Gun
  • 40 mm Multiple Grenade Launcher,
  • 60 mm and 81 mm mortars and
  • M2 12.7mm HMGs.
  • 105mm Recoilless Rifle

Vehicles included Mambas, Buffels, Samil 20, seven-ton Isuzu trucks, and 4x4 vehicles.

Medals

References

  1. ^ "Bophuthatswana Defence Force". SA Artillery | Military Defense Security Intelligence Politics. 20 January 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
  2. ^ "Three AWB members shot and killed during the invasion of Bophuthatswana | South African History Online".
  3. ^ Jakkie Cilliers (1993). "An Overview of the Armed Forces of the TBVC Countries". South African Defence Review (13). Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  4. ^ "Bophuthatswana Defence Force". Retrieved 2 March 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d "Bophuthatswana Defence Force". Retrieved 2 March 2021.

Further reading

  • Bophuthatswana Defence Force: 1979-1989. 1989.
  • v
  • t
  • e
South African Army Units
Divisions and Brigades
Brigades
Training
  • School of Armour
Tank
Armoured Car
Training
Parachute Infantry
Air Assault Infantry
Seaborne Infantry
Light Infantry
Mechanised Infantry
Motorised Infantry
Training
  • School of Artillery (South Africa)
Regular
Reserve
Training
  • School of Air Defence Artillery (South Africa)
Regular
Reserve
Training
Regular
Reserve
  • Army Support Bases (Eastern Cape, Johannesburg, Kimberley, KZN, Limpopo, Potcheftstroom, Western Cape, Mpumalanga)
  • Mobilisation Centre
  • Main Ordnance Depot
  • National Ceremonial Guard
  • Logistical Support Unit
  • General Andrew Masondo Maintenance Unit
  • Madiba Bay Maintenance Unit
  • 15 Maint Unit
  • Other Maintenance Units
  • Doman Field Workshop
  • General Sipho Binda Field Workshop
  • Sabelo Phama Field Workshop
  • Chris Hani Field Workshop
  • Sekhukhune Field Workshop
  • Ngungunyane Field Workshop
  • Other Field Workshops
Regular
  • 1 Signal Regt
  • 2 Signal Regt
  • 3 Signal Regt
  • 4 Signal Regt
  • 5 Signal Regt
Reserve
6 Signal Regt
  • Gauteng Reserve Signal Unit

11 Field Postal Unit

  • Western Cape Signal Unit
  • Kwa-Zulu Natal Signal Unit
Commands
  • Eastern Province Command (Port Elizabeth)
  • Eastern Transvaal Command (Nelspruit)
  • Natal Command (Durban)
  • Northern Transvaal Command (Swartkop, Pretoria)
  • Northern Cape Command (Kimberly)
  • Orange Free State Command (Bloemfontein)
  • Western Province Command (Cape Town)
  • Southern Cape Command (Oudsthoorn)
  • West Transvaal Command/North West Command (Potchefstroom)
  • Witwatersrand Command (Johannesburg)
  • Far North Command (Pietersburg)
  • Northern Logistic Command (Grootfontein, South West Africa)
  • South West Africa Command (Windhoek, South West Africa)
  • Northern Logistics Command (Grootfontein, South West Africa)
  • Gauteng Command post 1994 SANDF (Amalgamation of Wits and Northern Transvaal Commands)
  • Corps
    Divisions
    Brigades
    • 16 Brigade (see 81 Armoured Brigade)
    • 17 Brigade (see 71 Motorised Brigade )
    • 18 Brigade (see 72 Motorised Brigade)
    • 19 Brigade (see 82 Mechanised Brigade)
    • 20 Brigade
    • 60 Brigade (Battlegroups HQ Lohatla)
    • 71 Motorised Brigade SADF era
    • 72 Motorised Brigade SADF era
    • 73 Motorised Brigade SADF era
    • 74 Brigade SADF and SANDF era (see 8th Armoured Division)
    • 75 Brigade SADF and SANDF era (see 9th Division)
    • 81 Armoured Brigade SADF era
    • 82 Mechanised Brigade SADF era
    • 83 Brigade (planned but never existed)
    • 84 Motorised Brigade SADF era
    • 10 Artillery Brigade SADF era
    • Other brigades
    Battlegroups
    UDF and SADF
    Regiments and Battalions
    Homeland Battalions
    Military Areas
    Training Areas
    • Boschhoek
    • Grahamstown
    • Hellsgate
    • Mosita
    • Pomfret
    • Riemvasmaak
    UDF and SADF Commando System
    State Presidents Guard
    Mobilisation Units (Reception Depots)
    Bantustan Defence Forces (1977/1981–1994)
    Bophuthatswana Defence Force
    1977–1994
    • 1 BDF Infantry Battalion
    • 2 BDF Infantry Battalion
    • BDF Parachute Battalion
    • BDF Military School
    • BDF Special Forces
    • 1 BDF Military Area
    • 2 BDF Military Area
    • 3 BDF Military Area
    • BDF Signals Unit
    • BDF Bafokeng base
    • BDF Mankwe base
    • BDF Odi base
    • BDF Thaba'Nchu base
    • BDF Taung base
    • BDF Air Wing
    Venda Defence Force
    1979–1994
    • VDF Headquarters Sibasa
    • 1 VDF Battalion Manenu
    • 2 VDF Battalion Maunavhathu
    • VDF Vuwani Military Base
    • VDF Signals Unit
    • VDF Air Wing
    Ciskei Defence Force 1981–1994
    • 1 CDF Battalion
    • CDF Special Forces
    Transkei Defence Force
    1981–1994
    • 1 TDF Battalion
    • TDF Special Forces
    • TDF Mounted Battalion
    SWATF (1977–1989)
    • Regular Infantry Battalions
    • 31/201 Battalion
    • 33/701 Battalion
    • 34/202 Battalion
    • 35/101 Battalion
    • 301 Battalion
    • 36/203 Battalion
    • 37/102 Battalion
    • SWATF Brigade
    • 91 Reaction Force Brigade
    • 41/911 Battalion/Regiment Windhoek
    • 912 Battalion/Regiment Erongo
    • 913 Battalion/Regiment Namutoni
    • 91 Armoured Car Regiment
    • 91 Composite Field Regiment
    • 91 Engineers Squadron
    • 91 Field Ambulance
    • 91 Mobilisation Centre
    • 91 Technical Workshop
    • 91 Maintenance Workshop
    • Support Structures
    • Logistics Brigade
    • SWA Mil School
    • SWA Military Academy
    • Special Forces
    • 1 SWA Specialist Unit
    • 2 SWA Specialist Unit
    • 1 SWA Parachute Battalion
    • Air Component
    • 1 SWA Commando Squadron
    • Alte Feste Commando (SWATF)
    • Aranos Commando (SWATF)
    • Auob Commando (SWATF)
    • Bo-Nossob Commando (SWATF)
    • Etosha Commando (SWATF)
    • Gobabis Commando (SWATF)
    • Grootfontein Commando (SWATF)
    • Hochi Commando (SWATF)
    • Karasburg Commando (SWATF)
    • Keetmanshoop Commando (SWATF)
    • Maltahohe Commando (SWATF)
    • Mariental Commando (SWATF)
    • Okanhanja Commando (SWATF)
    • Omaruru Commando (SWATF)
    • Oranjemund Commando (SWATF)
    • Otjiwarongo Commando (SWATF)
    • Outjo Commando (SWATF)
    • Rehoboth Commando (SWATF)
    • Swakopmund Commando (SWATF)
    Union Defence Force 1912–1957
    Divisions
    Infantry
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    Armoured
    • 3
    • 6
    Brigades
    Infantry
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 1st Reserve
    • 4th Field
    • 7th Motorised
    • 1st Armoured
    • Field Artillery
    • Coast Artillery
    Citizens Batteries
    • 1st Citizen Battery
    • 2nd Citizen Battery
    • 3rd Citizen Battery
    • 4th Citizen Battery
    • 5th Citizen Battery
    • 6th Citizen Battery
    • 7th Citizen Battery
    • 8th and 9th Citizen Batteries
    Military Districts
    • 1st (Cape Town)
    • 2nd (Port Elizabeth)
    • 3rd (East London)
    • 4th (Pietermaritzburg)
    • 5th (Durban)
    • 6th (Standerton)
    • 7th (Potchefstroom)
    • 8th (Johannesburg)
    • 9th (Pretoria)
    • 10th (Kroonstad)
    • 11th (Bloemfontein)
    • 12th (Prieska)
    • 13th (De Aar)
    • 14th (Worcester)
    World War I 1914–1918
    Europe Campaign 1914–1918
    Brigades
    Regiments
    East Africa Campaign 1914–1915
    • 1st Infantry ACF
    • 2nd Infantry ACF
    • 5th Infantry ACF
    • 9th Infantry ACF
    German South West Africa Campaign 1915
    S.A.M.R. Regiments
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    Volunteer Militias 1903–1909
    Field Artillery
    Horse
    Light Horse
    • Border
    • Cape
    • Tembuland
    Light Infantry
    Mounted Rifles
    Rifles
    Non-Statutory Forces 1961–1994
    Colonial Armies 1885–1902
    • v
    • t
    • e
    Military ranks and insignia by country
    Africa
    States with
    limited recognition
    Former
    Comparative
    Americas
    Former
    Comparative
    Asia
    States with
    limited recognition
    • Abkhazia
    • Artsakh
    • Palestine
    • South Ossetia
    • Taiwan (Republic of China)
    Former
    Comparative
    Europe
    States with
    limited recognition
    Former
    Comparative
    Oceania
    Comparative
    Language
    Anglophone
    Arabophone
    Francophone
    Hispanophone
    Lusophone
    Post-Soviet states
    Commonwealth of Nations
    European Union
    NATO