Czernowitz Synagogue

The Czernowitz Synagogue, also called The Temple of Czernowitz, was a former Reform Jewish synagogue located in Chernivtsi, in the Chernivtsi Oblast of Ukraine. The synagogue was built in 1873 in what was then called Czernowitz, in the Austrian Hungary Empire. Closed in 1940, the building was repurposed and used as a movie theater since 1959.

History

The first known presence of Jews in Czernowitz was in 1408. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the number of Jewish inhabitants increased significantly.^[1] The Great Synagogue in Chernivtsi, an Ashkenazi congregation, was completed in 1853.^[2] In 1872 a split occurred between the Reform and Orthodox communities living in Czernowitz; and the following year the Reform congregation began construction of The Temple of Czernowitz, designed by Julian Zachariewicz^[3] in the Moorish Revival style. By 1878 the congregation had reunited and the new synagogue, the most prominent at the time, was used for worshipping.^[4]

The synagogue was confiscated and closed by the Soviet government after annexing Northern Bukovina and its largest city, Czernowitz, from Romania in 1940.

The building was burned by German and Romanian soldiers on 5 July 1941, after Nazi-allied Romania retook the city. After World War II the Soviet authorities tried to blow up the destroyed temple, but the building survived. In 1959, the outer walls were used to partially reconstruct the building for use as a movie theater^[4] that was named Zhovten ('October', in honor of the October Revolution). The building lost its dome and retains very little of its former appearance. After the fall of the Soviet Union the theater lost its Soviet name and was renamed "Chernivtsi".^[3]

Joseph Schmidt sang in the choir as a boy and served as cantor as an adult.^{[citation needed]}

Other synagogues in Chernivtsi

On 25 September 2001, a synagogue was opened in Chernivtsi. The Sadovsky Street Synagogue, closed by the Soviet Regime, was renovated, reopened, and also serves the Jewish Community Center.^[5]

See also

1. ^ Corbea-Hoisie, Andrei (2010). "Chernivtsi". The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. Translated by Anca Mircea. YIVO Institute for Jewish Research. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
2. ^ "Great Synagogue in Chernivtsi". Religiana. 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
3. ^ ^{a b} "Czernowitz Temple". The Center for Jewish Art. Jerusalem, Israel: Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2018.
4. ^ ^{a b} "Town with a Jewish Past: The Temple of Czernowitz". The Museum of Family History. 2008. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
5. ^ "Synagogue Opens in Chernovtsy". fjc.ru. Retrieved 25 January 2014.

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