| Dactylomys | - Bolivian bamboo rat (D. boliviensis)
- Amazon bamboo rat (D. dactylinus)
- Montane bamboo rat (D. peruanus)
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| Diplomys | - Colombian soft-furred spiny rat (D. caniceps)
- Rufous soft-furred spiny rat (D. labilis)
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| Echimys | - White-faced spiny tree-rat (E. chrysurus)
- Dark spiny tree-rat (E. saturnus)
- Vieira's spiny tree-rat (E. vieirai)
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| Isothrix | - I. barbarabrownae
- Yellow-crowned brush-tailed rat (I. bistriata)
- Rio Negro brush-tailed rat (I. negrensis)
- Plain brush-tailed rat (I. pagurus)
- Sinnamary brush-tailed rat (I. sinnamariensis)
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| Kannabateomys | - Atlantic bamboo rat (K. amblyonyx)
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| Lonchothrix | - Tuft-tailed spiny tree-rat (L. emiliae)
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| Makalata | - Red-nosed armored tree-rat (M. didelphoides)
- Long-tailed armored tree-rat (M. macrura)
- Dark armored tree-rat (M. obscura)
- Peruvian armored tree-rat (M. rhipidura)
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| Mesomys | - Ferreira's spiny tree-rat (M. hispidus)
- Woolly-headed spiny tree-rat (M. leniceps)
- Tufted-tailed spiny tree-rat (M. occultus)
- Pará spiny tree-rat (M. stimulax)
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| Olallamys | - White-tailed olalla rat (O. albicauda)
- Greedy olalla rat (O. edax)
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| Pattonomys | - Bare-tailed armored tree-rat (P. occasius)
- Speckled spiny tree-rat (P. semivillosus)
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| Phyllomys | - Golden Atlantic tree-rat (P. blainvillii)
- Orange-brown Atlantic tree-rat (P. brasiliensis)
- Drab Atlantic tree-rat (P. dasythrix)
- Kerr's Atlantic tree-rat (P. kerri)
- Pallid Atlantic tree-rat (P. lamarum)
- Lund's Atlantic tree-rat (P. lundi)
- Mantiqueira Atlantic tree-rat (P. mantiqueirensis)
- Long-furred Atlantic tree-rat (P. medius)
- Blacked-spined Atlantic tree-rat (P. nigrispinus)
- Rusty-sided Atlantic tree-rat (P. pattoni)
- Southern Atlantic tree-rat (P. sulinus)
- Giant Atlantic tree-rat (P. thomasi)
- Short-furred Atlantic tree-rat (P. unicolor)
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| Santamartamys | - Red-crested tree-rat (S. rufodorsalis)
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| Toromys | - Giant tree-rat (T. grandis)
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