Hans Heinze

German psychiatrist and eugenicist

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (May 2014) Click [show] for important translation instructions.

View a machine-translated version of the German article.
Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 9,120 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Hans Heinze]]; see its history for attribution.
You may also add the template {{Translated|de|Hans Heinze}} to the talk page.
For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Hans Heinze, sometimes referred to as Euthanasie-Heinze ("Euthanasia Heinze"; 18 October 1895 – 4 February 1983), was a Nazi German psychiatrist and eugenicist.

Life

Heinze was born in Elsterberg, the 13th of 14 children, and was educated at Grimma. After service as a medical orderly during World War I Heinze studied medicine and trained as a psychiatrist at Leipzig, where he worked from 1924 in child psychiatry. He was later appointed director of the child psychiatry department of the University Clinic in Berlin, and also, in 1934, director of the Landesheilanstalt in Potsdam, holding the two posts simultaneously. On 2 October 1939 he was appointed Dozent for neurology and psychiatry in the medical faculty of Berlin University, where on 6 April 1943 he became a professor.

In November 1938 Heinze took over the direction of the Landesanstalt Brandenburg-Görden otherwise Landes-Pflegeanstalt Brandenburg an der Havel, a mental institution at Brandenburg an der Havel, housed in the old Brandenburg an der Havel Prison,^[1] commonly now referred to as the Brandenburg Euthanasia Centre, with about 2,500 patients, 1,000 of them children. Here he supervised the murder by injection, starvation and poisoning of thousands of children whose brains he then supplied to Nazi researchers.^[2] He also trained physicians for the T4 Euthanasia Programme.

After the war Heinze remained in post at Brandenburg-Görden. The Russians were interested in some of his work and offered him the direction of an institution in the Crimea, but when he turned this down, tried him for crimes against humanity for approving "the measures of a fascist government and as a university professor trained fascists instead of medics." Heinze was found guilty on 14 March 1946 sentenced to 7 years in prison. He served most of his sentence in the Soviet Special Camp No. 7 at Sachsenhausen, where he worked as the camp doctor.^[3]^[4]

Heinze was released from prison on 14 March 1952 and declined offers of senior medical posts in the Volkspolizei and at the University of Jena in order to return to his family in West Germany. He took up the directorship of the department of child and adolescent psychiatry in the hospital of Wunstorf in Lower Saxony, where he remained until his retirement, and where he died in 1983.^[5]

German judicial investigation

In 1962 the legal authorities of Lower Saxony opened a preliminary investigation into Heinze, but the proceedings were halted after Heinze, represented by the lawyer Kurt Giese (formerly a senior lawyer in the Private Chancellery of the Führer), was declared psychologically unfit for the process.^[5]

Rehabilitation

In 1997 Dr Klaus-Dieter Müller, a German historian seeking research material, approached the Russian military authorities for their files on Heinze, which he was only able to obtain by entering a request for Heinze's rehabilitation (a recognition by the Russian authorities of his innocence of the crimes for which he had been imprisoned). As a result of Müller's request the Russian military legal service reviewed Heinze's case and in 1998 declared him rehabilitated. This caused considerable discussion in Germany of the extent to which historians should take responsibility for the consequences of their researches.^[6]^[7]

Publications

Veränderungen des Liquor cerebrospinalis und ihre Bedeutung für die Auffassung vom Wesen des Ischias, Leipzig 1923
Kindliche Charaktere und ihre Abartigkeiten, Paul Schröder with explanatory case studies by Hans Heinze, Breslau 1931
Zur Phänomenologie des Gemüts, Berlin 1932
Die Entstehung und Funktion des intervillösen Raumes, Halle 1933
Rasse und Erbe: Ein Wegweiser auf dem Gebiet der Rassenkunde, Vererbungslehre und Erbgesundheitspflege für den Gebrauch an Volks- und Mittelschulen, Halle 1934
"Zirkuläres Irresein (manisch-depressives): Psychopathologische Persönlichkeiten", Handbuch der Erbkrankheiten ("Handbook of Hereditary Illnesses"), ed. Arthur Julius Gütt, Vol. 4, revised by Hans Heinze et al., Thieme, Leipzig 1942^[8]
Ein Geschwisterpaar mit Myoklonusepilepsie, Bonn 1955

Notes and references

^ not the same buildings as the present Brandenburg-Görden Prison
^ "The Rise of hatred & violence in Germany - Freedom Magazine". Freedom Magazine. 1995. p. 58. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
^ "Gedenkstätte und Museum Sachsenhausen - Speziallager". Archived from the original on 2014-08-11. Retrieved 2014-05-04.
^ p. 17, Ernst Klee: "Was sie taten – Was sie wurden“, p. 136
^ ^a ^b Ernst Klee: "Was sie taten – Was sie wurden", pp. 137/138
^ "Verfolgung unterm Sowjetstern in der SBZ/DDRF", XV. Bautzen-Forum der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Büro Leipzig, 13 and 14 May 2004, ISBN 3-89892-296-0 (PDF; 695 kB)
^ Warum ein Nazi-Massenmörder rehabilitiert wurde. Spiegel Online, 24 August 2004
^ The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this 6-volume handbook of Nazi euthanasia medicine only at Leipzig, in the former DDR. In the former BRD the copies at Frankfurt/Main were apparently disposed of; in any event they are not now to be found in the OPAC.

Bibliography

Götz Aly (ed.): Aktion T4. 1939–1945. Die "Euthanasie"-Zentrale in der Tiergartenstraße 4. 2nd expanded edition. Edition Hentrich, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-926175-66-4 (Reihe deutsche Vergangenheit. Stätten der Geschichte Berlins 26), (exhibition catalogue)
Henry Friedlander: Der Weg zum NS-Genozid. Von der Euthanasie zur Endlösung. Berlin, Berlin-Verlag 1997, ISBN 3-8270-0265-6
Ernst Klee: Dokumente zur "Euthanasie". Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1985, ISBN 3-596-24327-0 (Fischer-Taschenbücher. 4327)
Ernst Klee: "Euthanasie" im NS-Staat. Die "Vernichtung lebensunwerten Lebens". 11th edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-596-24326-2 (Fischer-Taschenbücher. 4326 Die Zeit des Nationalsozialismus)
Ernst Klee: Hans Heinze. In: Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945. (updated edition). Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 3-596-16048-0, p. 43 (Fischer 16048)
Ernst Klee: Was sie taten – was sie wurden. Ärzte, Juristen und andere Beteiligte am Kranken- oder Judenmord. 12th edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-596-24364-5 (Fischer-Taschenbücher. 4364 Die Zeit des Nationalsozialismus)
Ernst Klee: Verschonte Medizinverbrecher. Die Professoren Heinze und Hallervorden. In: Dachauer Hefte. 13, 1997, ISSN 0257-9472, pp. 143–152
Alexander Mitscherlich, Fred Mielke (ed.): Medizin ohne Menschlichkeit. Dokumente des Nürnberger Ärzteprozesse (new edition). Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1987, ISBN 3-596-22003-3 (Fischer-Taschenbücher 2003)
Spiegel Online, 24 August 2004@ Warum ein Nazi-Massenmörder rehabilitiert wurde
Manfred Müller-Küppers: Die Geschichte der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus in: Forum der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie Heft 2, 2001
Hans-Walter Schmuhl: "Hirnforschung und Krankenmord. Das Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Hirnforschung 1937 - 1945 (PDF; 243 kB)" Series: Ergebnisse, 1. Stand 2000
dsb.: Medizin in der NS-Zeit: Hirnforschung und Krankenmord in: Deutsches Ärzteblatt 2001; Year 98. A 1240–1245, Heft 19