Hotepibre
Egyptian pharaoh
Hotepibre Qemau Siharnedjheritef (also Sehetepibre I or Sehetepibre II depending on the scholar) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 13th Dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period.
Family
Qemau Siharnedjheritef complete nomen means "Qemau's son, Horus he who seizes his power" and from this it is likely that he was the son of his predecessor Ameny Qemau and the grandson of king Amenemhat V. Ryholt further proposes that he was succeeded by a king named Iufni, who may have been his brother or uncle. After the short reign of Iufni, the throne went to another grandson of Amenemhat V named Ameny Antef Amenemhat VI.[4]
Attestations
There are several attestations of Hotepibre in Lower Egypt and exchange with the Northern Levant.
Lower Egypt
Khatana
A statue dedicated to Ptah and bearing the name of Hotepibre was found in Khatana, but its location of origin is unknown.
el-Atawla, temple-block
A Temple-block from el-Atawla with his name is now in the Cairo Museum (Temp 25.4.22.3).[5]
Tell el-Dab'a, palace
Hotepibre is sometimes also credited as the founder of a palace recently rediscovered at Tell El-Dab'a (the ancient Avaris).[6]
Levant
Ebla (Inner Syria), ceremonial mace
This pharaoh is also known by a ceremonial mace found inside the so-called "Tomb of the Lord of the Goats" in Ebla, in modern northern Syria;[7] the mace was a gift from Hotepibre to the Eblaite king Immeya who was his contemporary.[8]
Speculations
According to egyptologists Kim Ryholt and Darrell Baker, he was the sixth king of the dynasty, reigning for one to five years, possibly three years, from 1791 BC until 1788 BC.[1][2] Alternatively, Jürgen von Beckerath and Detlef Franke see him as the ninth king of the dynasty.[9][10][11]
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hotepibre.
- ^ a b Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC, Stacey International, ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9, 2008, p. 120-121
- ^ a b K.S.B. Ryholt, The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800-1550 BC, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997
- ^ Labib Habachi: Khatâ'na-Qantîr: Importance in Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte, Nr. 52 (1952), p. 460
- ^ See Ryholt (1997), pp. 73, 208, 214-215 and 284
- ^ See Ryholt (1997), p. 338, File 13/6
- ^ Matthiae, Paolo (1997). "Ebla and Syria in the Middle Bronze Age". In Oren, Eliezer D. (ed.). The Hyksos: new historical and archaeological perspectives. The University of Philadelphia, The University Museum. ISBN 0924171464., pp. 397-398.
- ^ Ryholt, K. "Hotepibre - A Supposed Asiatic King in Egypt with Relations to Ebla", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 311, 1998, pp. 1–6.
- ^ Matthiae, Paolo (2010). Ebla. La città del trono (in Italian). Einaudi. pp. 218, 303, 349. ISBN 978-88-06-20258-3.
- ^ Jürgen von Beckerath: Untersuchungen zur politischen Geschichte der zweiten Zwischenzeit in Ägypten, Glückstadt 1964, p. 39–40, 231–32 (XIII 8)
- ^ Jürgen von Beckerath: Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägyptens, Münchner Ägyptologische Studien 46, Mainz am Rhein (1997)
- ^ Detlef Franke: Zur Chronologie des Mittleren Reiches. Teil II: Die sogenannte Zweite Zwischenzeit Altägyptens, in Orientalia 57 (1988)
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