La Manif pour tous
Protest movement in France
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La Manif pour tous (LMPT) is a political organization in France[1] which is responsible for most of the large demonstrations and actions in opposition to laws enabling same-sex marriage (better known as mariage pour tous—Marriage for all) and adoption by same-sex couples in France.[2]
Since the law was enacted in May 2013, the group's demands have remained the same:[3] opposition to marriage and adoption by same-sex couples, to assisted reproductive technology in the absence of a father for the child, and to all forms of gestational surrogacy (including for male-female couples).[4] The movement supports father-mother-child filiation and opposes "gender ideology"[5] (successively named théorie du gender, théorie du genre and idéologie du genre in French).[citation needed]
Described by Le Monde as bringing together numerous organizations, of which the main ones are almost all religious and mainly linked to Catholicism,[1] and supported in its calls for public demonstrations by many members of the right wing and the far-right in France,[6] the group identified itself as apolitical and non-denominational[7] before it became a political party itself in April 2015.[8][9] Internal divisions resulted in the successive departures of its founders Béatrice Bourges, Frigide Barjot, and Xavier Bongibault.
Founding and name
The name La Manif pour tous means "Protest for all" and was named after the French expression Le mariage pour tous ("marriage for all") which was the popular term used in France to promote same sex marriage, and also to refer to the Civil solidarity pact (PaCS), the 1999 French law permitting civil union between same-sex partners.[10]
Goals and methods
Some of the objectives of La Manif pour tous include:
- demanding that the gay-marriage act be repealed,
- protesting against what they call the French government's "familyphobia",
- protesting against the government's alleged teaching of "gender theory" in French schools, or plans to impose sex education starting in kindergarten.[10]
An organized group called for a boycott in 2014 involving pulling children from schools one day a month to protest against the alleged anti-family actions of the government.[10]
Surrogacy is currently illegal in France for everyone; In vitro fertilization and other birth-assistive technology is available, but only to heterosexual couples. The government says it has no plans to change the situation, and Prime Minister Manuel Valls declared his opposition to surrogacy in all forms. Regarding "gender theory" or sex education in pre-schools the government says they are false rumors created on purpose by conservatives with ties to far-right groups.[10]
Criticism
La Manif pour tous has been criticized as homophobic and using children to make a political point.[11]
See also
- Anti-gender movement
- Catholic Church and homosexuality
- Catholic Church in France
- Christian views on marriage
- Civitas (movement)
- Coalition pour la vie et la famille
- Feminism in France
- Gender roles in Christianity
- Human rights in France
- Intersex rights in France
- LGBT adoption in Europe
- LGBT culture in Paris
- LGBT history in France
- LGBT rights in Europe
- LGBT rights in France
- LGBT rights in the European Union
- List of Christian denominational positions on homosexuality
- Marriage in the Catholic Church
- Right-wing politics
- Same-sex marriage in France
References
- ^ a b "Derrière la grande illusion de la 'Manif pour tous'". Le Monde. 21 March 2013.
- ^ Clavel, Geoffroy (18 May 2013). "Mariage Gay et Violences : la Manif Pour Tous débordée. Comment en est on arrivé là". Huffington Post (in French). Retrieved 1 May 2020.
- ^ "La 'manif pour tous' gagne le pari de la mobilisation". Le Figaro (in French). 17 November 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ Mouillard, Sylvain (3 October 2014). "'Un papa, une maman', deux ans de slogans de la Manif pour tous". Libération.fr (in French). Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ Harsin, Jayson (1 March 2018). "Post-Truth Populism: The French Anti-Gender Theory Movement and Cross-Cultural Similarities". Communication, Culture and Critique. 11 (1): 35–52. doi:10.1093/ccc/tcx017. ISSN 1753-9129. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
- ^ "L'extrême droite au premier rang de la Manif pour tous ce dimanche". 20minutes.fr. 2 October 2014..
- ^ La Manif pour Tous. "La Manif pour Tous est apolitique". La Manif pur tous.fr (in French). La Manif pour Tous. Archived from the original on 28 April 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2014..
- ^ "La Manif pour tous devient un parti politique". Le Monde (in French). 24 April 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
- ^ "Pourquoi la manif pour tous n'est jamais devenue un parti politique". huffingtonpost. 16 October 2016..
- ^ a b c d Ball, Sam (5 October 2014). "Protesters take to streets over French govt's 'familyphobia'". France 24. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
- ^ "Frigide Barjot regrette l'homophobie engendrée par les Manif pour tous". L'Express (in French). 26 August 2014. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
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