Oak Valley, South Australia

Aboriginal community in South Australia

29°24′07″S 130°44′10″E / 29.401881°S 130.73623°E / -29.401881; 130.73623^[1]LGA(s)Maralinga TjarutjaRegionEyre Western^[2]State electorate(s)Giles^[3]Federal division(s)Grey^[4]

Oak Valley is the only community of Maralinga Tjarutja Aboriginal Council (AC) Local Government Area (LGA), South Australia. The population fluctuates, but a 2016 survey reported around 128 people, mostly Aboriginal.^[5] It is approximately 128 kilometres (80 mi) NNW of the original Maralinga township, and lies at the southern edge of the Great Victoria Desert.^[5] It is named for the desert oaks that populate the vicinity of the community.

It was established in 1984 with funds provided as compensation for the dispossession of the Maralinga people from their lands following the British nuclear tests which took place between 1956 and 1963.^[6] The risks associated with living in an area contaminated by plutonium, even after the cleanup have been a significant concern.^[7]

In 2003 South Australian Premier Mike Rann and Education Minister Trish White opened a new school at Oak Valley, replacing what had been described as the "worst school in Australia".^[8] In May 2004, following the passage of special legislation, Premier Rann handed back title to 21,000 square kilometres (8,100 sq mi) of land to the Maralinga Tjarutja and Pila Nguru people. The land, 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) northwest of Adelaide and abutting the Western Australia border, was called the Unnamed Conservation Park. It is now known as Mamungari Conservation Park, and includes the Serpentine Lakes. It was the largest land return since Premier John Bannon's handover of Maralinga lands in 1984. At the 2004 ceremony Premier Rann said the return of the land fulfilled a promise he made in 1991 when he was Aboriginal Affairs Minister, after he passed legislation to return lands including the sacred Ooldea area (which also included the site of Daisy Bates' mission camp) to the Maralinga Tjarutja people.^[9]

Images from Oak Valley and the Maralinga lands were the focus of an exhibition at the 2002 Adelaide Festival.^[10]

Neighbouring Aboriginal communities

Tjuntjuntjara, Western Australia (west)
Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (north)
Yalata, South Australia (south)

Driving distances from Oak Valley to main centres are:

Ceduna to Oak Valley – 516 km (approx 7 hours)
Yalata to Oak Valley – 315 km (about 5 hours (via Ooldea))
Port Lincoln to Oak Valley – 919 km
Adelaide to Oak Valley – 1288 km

References

^ "Search results for 'Oak Valley, LOCA' with the following datasets selected - 'Suburbs and localities', 'Electorates Federal 2016', 'Electorates State 2018', 'Local Government Areas', 'SA Government Regions' and 'Gazetteer'". Location SA Map Viewer. South Australian Government. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
^ "Eyre Western SA Government region" (PDF). Government of South Australia. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
^ "District of Giles Background Profile". Electoral Commission of South Australia. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
^ "Federal electoral division of Grey" (PDF). Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Communities". EyrePlus. 19 June 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
^ McKay, Sandra (20 December 1997). "The dispossessed". The Age. p. 4. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
^ Christian, Jennie (21 June 1996). "Cleaning up our nuclear past". Sydney Morning Herald. p. 18.
^ "Maralinga students welcome new school". ABC News (Australia). 4 May 2003. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
^ "Maralinga hand-over prompts celebration". The Age. 25 August 2004. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
^ Usher, Robin (20 February 2002). "From history's shadow". The Age. p. 3.

External links

Official website

Aboriginal peoples of South Australia

Peoples

Communities

APY Lands:	Amaṯa Iltur Indulkana Kalka Kaltjiti (Fregon) Kaṉpi Makiri Mimili Mintabie Nyapaṟi Pipalyatjara Pukatja (Ernabella) Umuwa Watarru Yunyarinyi
Other:	Akenta (Poonindie) Colebrook Davenport (Umeewarra) Gerard Killalpaninna Koonibba Nepabunna Oak Valley Point Pearce Raukkan (Point McLeay) Yalata

Notable people

Organisations

Religion and culture

Arkaroo 'Dreamtime' (muda, mura-mura, tjukurrpa, etc.) Tjilbruke Muldjewangk Ngiṉṯaka Wati-kutjara
Indigenous protected areas:	Watarru Mount Willoughby
Co-managed protected areas:	Dhilba Guuranda-Innes Elliot Price Conservation Park Gawler Ranges National Park Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre National Park (part) Kanku-Breakaways Conservation Park Lake Gairdner National Park Ikara–Flinders Ranges National Park Innamincka Regional Reserve Malkumba-Coongie Lakes National Park Mamungari Conservation Park Ngaut Ngaut Conservation Park Nullarbor Wilderness Protection Area Nullarbor Regional Reserve Pureba Conservation Park Strzelecki Regional Reserve Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park Wapma Thura–Southern Flinders Ranges National Park Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs Conservation Park Witjira National Park Yumbarra Conservation Park

Languages

Adnyamathanha Antakirinja Arabana Barngarla Dieri Kaurna Narungga Ngadjuri Ngamini (Yarluyandi) Ngarrindjeri Paakantyi Wangkangurru Western Desert language (dialects: Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara) Wirangu Yandruwandha Yarli (Malyangapa) Yuyu
Language groups:	Lower Murray languages Thura-Yura languages Sign languages
Words:	Aṉangu (Western Desert language) Nunga (Aboriginal English)

Laws

Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988 Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966 Aboriginal Witnesses Act Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981 Laws concerning Indigenous Australians
Cases:	List of native title claims in South Australia