Qara bodun
Term given to common people of early Turks
Qara bodun (lit. 'black commoners',[1] Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰺𐰀:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣, romanized: qara bodun) was a name given to the common people of Turkic khaganates. The term bodun means "people". The term bodun appears after the name of the tribal confederation, but it appears also in the expression of begler bodun meaning "the nobles and the common people".[2] The term qara was used to designate a lower or subject social class. In the 8th century, Göktürk and Uyghur inscriptions, the common folk, those who were not the begler were designated as qara bodun.[3]
See also
- Rayah
References
- ^ Joanna Bialek (2018). "A Corpus Based Approach". Compounds and Compounding in Old Tibetan. Vol. 1. p. 446.
- ^ Istvan Zimonyi (2015). Muslim Sources on the Magyars in the Second Half of the 9th Century: The Magyar Chapter of the Jayhānī Tradition. East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450-1450. p. 132.
- ^ Peter B. Golden (2003). Nomads and Their Neighbours in the Russian Steppe: Turks, Khazars and Qipchaqs. p. 106.
- v
- t
- e
(552–581)
(581–630)
- (Ashina Jiesheshuai)
- (Ashina Funian)
- (Ashina She'er)
- (Ashina Nishufu)
- (Ashide Wenfu)
- (Ashide Fengji)
- (Ashina Shibobi)
(581–657)
(682–744)
under Jimi system
- Kunling Protectorate
- Mengchi Protectorate
- Ashina Buzhen
- Ashina Huseluo
- Ashina Huaidao
- Ashina Xin
- Tokhara Yabghus (625-758)
- Turk Shahis (665–870)
and battles
