Spurdog

Genus of sharks

Spurdogs Temporal range: 89.8–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Campanian to Present^[1]

Spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Chondrichthyes
Subclass:	Elasmobranchii
Subdivision:	Selachimorpha
Order:	Squaliformes
Family:	Squalidae
Genus:	Squalus Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms
Squalis Radermacher, 1779 (Missp.) Acanthorhinus de Blainville, 1816 Acanthias Leach, 1818^[2] Flakeus Whitley, 1939^[3] Koinga Whitley, 1939^[4]

Squalus is a genus of dogfish sharks in the family Squalidae. Commonly known as spurdogs, these sharks are characterized by smooth dorsal fin spines, teeth in upper and lower jaws similar in size, caudal peduncle with lateral keels; upper precaudal pit usually present, and caudal fin without subterminal notch. In spurdogs, the hyomandibula (the bone connecting the braincase to the jaws) is oriented at a right angle to the neurocranium, while in other sharks, the hyomandibula runs more parallel to the body. This led some to think that the upper jaw of Squalus would not be as protractile as the jaws of other sharks. However, a study that compared different jaw suspension types in sharks showed that this is not the case and that Squalus is quite capable of protruding its upper jaw during feeding.^[5]

The name comes from squalus, the Latin for shark; this word is the root for numerous words related to sharks such as squaline and scientific names for sharks, such as the order Squaliformes.

Species

Currently, 32 recognized species are placed in this genus:

Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758 (spiny dogfish) ^[6]
Squalus albicaudus Viana, M. R. de Carvalho & U. L. Gomes, 2016 (Brazilian whitetail dogfish) ^[6]
Squalus albifrons Last, W. T. White & J. D. Stevens, 2007 (eastern highfin spurdog)
Squalus altipinnis Last, W. T. White & J. D. Stevens, 2007 (western highfin spurdog)
Squalus bahiensis Viana, M. R. de Carvalho & U. L. Gomes, 2016 (northeastern Brazilian dogfish) ^[6]
Squalus blainville (A. Risso, 1827) (longnose spurdog)
Squalus brevirostris S. Tanaka (I), 1917 (Japanese shortnose spurdog)
Squalus bucephalus Last, Séret & Pogonoski, 2007 (bighead spurdog)
Squalus chloroculus Last, W. T. White & Motomura, 2007 (greeneye spurdog)
Squalus clarkae Pfleger, Grubbs, Cotton & Daly-Engel, 2018 (Genie's dogfish)
Squalus crassispinus Last, M. J. Edmunds & Yearsley, 2007 (fatspine spurdog)
Squalus cubensis Howell-Rivero, 1936 (Cuban dogfish)
Squalus edmundsi W. T. White, Last & J. D. Stevens, 2007 (Edmund's spurdog)
Squalus formosus W. T. White & Iglésias, 2011 (Taiwan spurdog)
Squalus grahami W. T. White, Last & J. D. Stevens, 2007 (eastern longnose spurdog)
Squalus griffini Phillipps, 1931 (northern spiny dogfish)
Squalus hawaiiensis Daly-Engel, Koch, Anderson, Cotton, Grubbs, 2018 (Hawaiian spurdog)
Squalus hemipinnis W. T. White, Last & Yearsley, 2007 (Indonesian shortsnout spurdog)
Squalus japonicus Ishikawa, 1908 (Japanese spurdog)
Squalus lalannei Baranes, 2003 (Seychelles spurdog)
Squalus lobularis Viana, M. R. de Carvalho & U. L. Gomes, 2016 (Atlantic lobefin dogfish) ^[6]
Squalus megalops (W. J. Macleay, 1881) (shortnose spurdog)
Squalus melanurus Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979 (blacktailed spurdog)
Squalus mitsukurii D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1903 (shortspine spurdog)
Squalus montalbani Whitley, 1931 (Indonesian greeneye spurdog)
Squalus nasutus Last, L. J. Marshall & W. T. White, 2007 (western longnose spurdog)
Squalus notocaudatus Last, W. T. White & J. D. Stevens, 2007 (bartail spurdog)
Squalus quasimodo Viana, M. R. de Carvalho & U. L. Gomes, 2016 (humpback western dogfish) ^[6]
Squalus rancureli Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979 (Cyrano spurdog)
Squalus raoulensis Duffy & Last, 2007 (Kermadec spiny dogfish)
Squalus shiraii Viana & M. R. de Carvalho, 2020 (Shirai's spurdog) ^[7]
Squalus suckleyi (Girard, 1855) (Pacific spiny dogfish)

References

^ Sepkoski, J.J.Jr (2002). "A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363: 1–560.
^ ZooBank: Acanthias Leach, 1818
^ ZooBank: Flakeus Whitley, 1939
^ ZooBank: Koinga Whitley, 1939
^ Wilga, C.D., Motta, P.J. & Sanford, C.P. (2007): Evolution and ecology of feeding in elasmobranchs. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 47 (1): 55-69.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Viana, S.T.d.F., Carvalho, M.R.d. & Gomes, U.L. (2016): Taxonomy and morphology of species of the genus Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Squalidae). Zootaxa, 4133 (1): 1-89.
^ Viana, Sarah T. F. L.; Carvalho, Marcelo R. de (2020-10-06). "Squalus shiraii sp. nov. (Squaliformes, Squalidae), a new species of dogfish shark from Japan with regional nominal species revisited". Zoosystematics and Evolution. 96 (2): 275–311. doi:10.3897/zse.96.51962. ISSN 1860-0743.

Extant shark species

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Chondrichthyes
Subclass Elasmobranchii
Subdivision Selachii

Order Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)

Hemigaleidae
(Weasel sharks)

Hemipristis	Snaggletooth shark (H. elongata)
Chaenogaleus	Hooktooth shark (C. macrostoma)
Hemigaleus	Australian weasel shark (H. australiensis) Sicklefin weasel shark (H. microstoma)
Paragaleus	Whitetip weasel shark (P. leucolomatus) Atlantic weasel shark (P. pectoralis) Slender weasel shark (P. randalli) Straight-tooth weasel shark (P. tengi)

Leptochariidae

Leptocharias	Barbeled houndshark (L. smithii)

Proscylliidae
(Finback sharks)

Ctenacis	Harlequin catshark (C. fehlmanni)
Eridacnis	Cuban ribbontail catshark (E. barbouri) Pygmy ribbontail catshark (E. radcliffei) African ribbontail catshark (E. sinuans)
Proscyllium	Graceful catshark (P. habereri) P. venustum

Pseudotriakidae

Gollum	Slender smooth-hound (G. attenuatus)
Pseudotriakis	False catshark (P. microdon)

Sphyrnidae
(Hammerhead sharks)

Eusphyra	Winghead shark (E. blochii)
Sphyrna	Scalloped bonnethead (S. corona) Whitefin hammerhead (S. couardi) Scalloped hammerhead (S. lewini) Scoophead (S. media) Great hammerhead (S. mokarran) Bonnethead (S. tiburo) Smalleye hammerhead (S. tudes) Smooth hammerhead (S. zygaena)

Triakidae
(Houndsharks)

Furgaleus	Whiskery shark (F. macki)
Galeorhinus	School shark (G. galeus)
Gogolia	Sailback houndshark (G. filewoodi)
Hemitriakis	Deepwater sicklefin hound shark (H. abdita) Sicklefin hound shark (H. falcata) Japanese topeshark (H. japanica) Whitefin topeshark (H. leucoperiptera) Ocellate topeshark (Hemitriakis Sp.A)
Hypogaleus	Blacktip tope (H. hyugaensis)
Iago	Longnose houndshark (I. garricki) Bigeye houndshark (I. omanensis) Lowfin houndshark (Iago Sp.A)
Mustelus (Smooth-hounds)	M. albipinnis Gummy shark (M. antarcticus) Starry smooth-hound (M. asterias) Gray smooth-hound (M. californicus) Dusky smooth-hound (M. canis) Sharptooth smooth-hound (M. dorsalis) Striped smooth-hound (M. fasciatus) Spotless smooth-hound (M. griseus) Brown smooth-hound (M. henlei) Smalleye smooth-hound (M. higmani) Spotted estuary smooth-hound (M. lenticulatus) Sicklefin smooth-hound (M. lunulatus) Starspotted smooth-hound (M. manazo) Speckled smooth-hound (M. mento) M. minicanis Arabian smooth-hound (M. mosis) Common smooth-hound (M. mustelus) Narrowfin smooth-hound (M. norrisi) Whitespotted smooth-hound (M. palumbes) Blackspotted smooth-hound (M. punctulatus) M. ravidus Narrownose smooth-hound (M. schmitti) Gulf smoothhound (M. sinusmexicanus) Humpback smooth-hound (M. whitneyi) M. widodoi
Scylliogaleus	Flapnose houndshark (S. quecketti)
Triakis	Sharpfin houndshark (T. acutipinna) Spotted houndshark (T. maculata) Sharptooth houndshark (T. megalopterus) Banded houndshark (T. scyllium) Leopard shark (T. semifasciata)

Carcharhinidae

Large family listed below

Scyliorhinidae

Large family listed below

Family Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)

Carcharhinus	Blacknose shark (C. acronotus) Silvertip shark (C. albimarginatus) Bignose shark (C. altimus) Graceful shark (C. amblyrhynchoides) Grey reef shark (C. amblyrhynchos) Pigeye shark (C. amboinensis) Borneo shark (C. borneensis) Copper shark (C. brachyurus) Spinner shark (C. brevipinna) Nervous shark (C. cautus) Whitecheek shark (C. dussumieri) Silky shark (C. falciformis) Creek whaler (C. fitzroyensis) Galapagos shark (C. galapagenisis) Pondicherry shark (C. hemiodon) Finetooth shark (C. isodon) Smoothtooth blacktip shark (C. leiodon) Bull shark (C. leucas) Blacktip shark (C. limbatus) Oceanic whitetip shark (C. longimanus) Hardnose shark (C. macloti) Blacktip reef shark (C. melanopterus) Dusky shark (C. obscurus) Caribbean reef shark (C. perezii) Sandbar shark (C. plumbeus) Smalltail shark (C. porosus) Blackspot shark (C. sealei) Night shark (C. signatus) Spottail shark (C. sorrah) Australian blacktip shark (C. tilstoni)
Galeocerdo	Tiger shark (G. cuvier)
Glyphis (River sharks)	Ganges shark (G. gangeticus) Northern river shark (G. garricki) Speartooth shark (G. glyphis) Irrawaddy river shark (G. siamensis) Borneo river shark (Glyphis sp. B)
Isogomphodon	Daggernose shark (I. oxyrhynchus)
Lamiopsis	Broadfin shark (L. temminckii)
Loxodon	Sliteye shark (L. macrorhinus)
Nasolamia	Whitenose shark (N. velox)
Negaprion	Sicklefin lemon shark (N. acutidens) Lemon shark (N. brevirostris)
Prionace	Blue shark (P. glauca)
Rhizoprionodon	Milk shark (R. acutus) Brazilian sharpnose shark (R. lalandii) Pacific sharpnose shark (R. longurio) Grey sharpnose shark (R. oligolinx) Caribbean sharpnose shark (R. porosus) Australian sharpnose shark (R. taylori) Atlantic sharpnose shark (R. terraenovae)
Scoliodon	Spadenose shark (S. laticaudus)
Triaenodon	Whitetip reef shark (T. obesus)

Family Scyliorhinidae (Catsharks)

Apristurus	Flatnose cat shark (A. acanutus) A. albisoma A. aphyodes Atlantic ghost catshark (A. atlanticus) Brown catshark (A. brunneus) Hoary catshark (A. canutus) Flaccid catshark (A. exsanguis) A. fedorovi Humpback cat shark (A. gibbosus) Longfin catshark (A. herklotsi) Smallbelly catshark (A. indicus) A. internatus Broadnose catshark (A. investigatoris) Japanese catshark (A. japonicus) Longnose catshark (A. kampae) Iceland catshark (A. laurussonii) Longhead catshark (A. longicephalus) Flathead catshark (A. macrorhynchus) Broadmouth cat shark (A. macrostomus) Ghost catshark (A. manis) Black roughscale catshark (A. melanoasper) Smalleye catshark (A. microps) Smalldorsal cat shark (A. micropterygeus) Largenose catshark (A. nasutus) Smallfin catshark (A. parvipinnis) A. pinguis Spatulasnout catshark (A. platyrhynchus) Deepwater catshark (A. profundorum) Broadgill catshark (A. riveri) Saldanha catshark (A. saldanha) Pale catshark (A. sibogae) South China catshark (A. sinensis) Spongehead catshark (A. spongiceps) Panama ghost catshark (A. stenseni)
Asymbolus	Australian spotted catshark (A. analis) A. funebris Western spotted catshark (A. occiduus) Pale spotted catshark (A. pallidus) A. parvus A. rubiginosus Variegated catshark (A. submaculatus) Gulf catshark (A. vincenti)
Atelomycterus	A. baliensis Banded sand catshark (A. fasciatus) Australian marbled catshark (A. macleayi) Coral catshark (A. marmoratus)
Aulohalaelurus	New Caledonia catshark (A. kanakorum) Australian blackspotted catshark (A. labiosus)
Cephaloscyllium	Whitefin swellshark (C. albipinnum) Circle-blotch pygmy swellshark (C. circulopullum) Cook's swellshark (C. cooki) Reticulated swellshark (C. fasciatum) Formosa swellshark (C. formosanum) Australian reticulate swellshark (C. hicosellum) Draughtsboard shark (C. isabellum) Australian swellshark (C. laticeps) Spotted swellshark (C. maculatum) Leopard-spotted swellshark (C. pardelotum) Painted swellshark (C. pictum) Sarawak pygmy swellshark (C. sarawakensis) Flagtail swellshark (C. signourum) Indian swellshark (C. silasi) Speckled swellshark (C. speccum) Balloon shark (C. sufflans) Blotchy swellshark (C. umbratile) Saddled swellshark (C. variegatum) Swellshark (C. ventriosum) Narrowbar swellshark (C. zebrum)
Cephalurus	Lollipop catshark (C. cephalus)
Figaro	Australian sawtail catshark (F. boardmani) Northern sawtail catshark (F. striatus)
Galeus	Antilles catshark (G. antillensis) Roughtail catshark (G. arae) Atlantic sawtail cat shark (G. atlanticus) Longfin sawtail cat shark (G. cadenati) Gecko catshark (G. eastmani) Slender sawtail catshark (G. gracilis) Longnose sawtail cat shark (G. longirostris) Blackmouth catshark (G. melastomus) Southern sawtail catshark (G. mincaronei) Mouse catshark (G. murinus) Broadfin sawtail catshark (G. nipponensis) Peppered catshark (G. piperatus) African sawtail catshark (G. polli) G. priapus Blacktip sawtail catshark (G. sauteri) Dwarf sawtail catshark (G. schultzi) Springer's sawtail cat shark (G. springeri)
Halaelurus	Arabian catshark (H. alcockii) Speckled catshark (H. boesemani) Blackspotted catshark (H. buergeri) Dusky catshark (H. canescens) Broadhead cat shark (H. clevai) New Zealand catshark (H. dawsoni) Bristly catshark (H. hispidus) Spotless catshark (H. immaculatus) Lined catshark (H. lineatus) Mud catshark (H. lutarius) Tiger catshark (H. natalensis) Quagga catshark (H. quagga)
Haploblepharus	Puffadder shyshark (H. edwardsii) Brown shyshark (H. fuscus) Natal shyshark (H. kistnasamyi) Dark shyshark (H. pictus)
Holohalaelurus	H. favus H. grennian Crying izak (H. melanostigma) African spotted catshark (H. punctatus) Izak catshark (H. regani)
Parmaturus	White-tip catshark (P. albimarginatus) White-clasper catshark (P. albipenis) Beige catshark (P. bigus) Campeche catshark (P. campechiensis) Velvet catshark (P. lanatus) McMillan's catshark (P. macmillani) Blackgill catshark (P. melanobranchus) Salamander shark (P. pilosus) Filetail catshark (P. xaniurus) Shorttail catshark (Parmaturus sp. A)
Pentanchus	Onefin catshark (P. profundicolus)
Poroderma	Pyjama catshark (P. africanum) Leopard catshark (P. pantherinum)
Schroederichthys	Narrowmouthed catshark (S. bivius) Redspotted catshark (S. chilensis) Narrowtail catshark (S. maculatus) Lizard catshark (S. saurisqualus) Slender catshark (S. tenuis)
Scyliorhinus	Polkadot catshark (S. besnardi) Boa catshark (S. boa) Small-spotted catshark (S. canicula) Yellowspotted catshark (S. capensis) West African catshark (S. cervigoni) Comoro cat shark (S. comoroensis) Brownspotted catshark (S. garmani) Freckled catshark (S. haeckelii) Whitesaddled catshark (S. hesperius) Blotched catshark (S. meadi) Chain catshark (S. retifer) Nursehound (S. stellaris) Izu cat shark (S. tokubee) Cloudy catshark (S. torazame) Dwarf catshark (S. torrei)

Order Echinorhiniformes (Bramble sharks)

Echinorhinidae

Echinorhinus	Bramble shark (E. brucus) Prickly shark (E. cookei)

Order Heterodontiformes (Bullhead sharks)

Heterodontidae

Heterodontus	Horn shark (H. francisci) Crested bullhead shark (H. galeatus) Japanese bullhead shark (H. japonicus) Mexican hornshark (H. mexicanus) Oman bullhead shark (H. omanensis) Port Jackson shark (H. portusjacksoni) Galapagos bullhead shark (H. quoyi) Whitespotted bullhead shark (H. ramalheira) Zebra bullhead shark (H. zebra)

Order Hexanchiformes

Chlamydoselachidae

Chlamydoselachus	Frilled shark (C. anguineus) Southern African frilled shark (C. africana)

Hexanchidae
(Cow sharks)

Heptranchias	Sharpnose sevengill shark (H. perlo)
Hexanchus	Bluntnose sixgill shark (H. griseus) Bigeyed sixgill shark (H. nakamurai)
Notorynchus	Broadnose sevengill shark (N. cepedianus)

Order Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks)

Alopiidae

Alopias (Thresher sharks)	Pelagic thresher (A. pelagicus) Bigeye thresher (A. superciliosus) Common thresher (A. vulpinus) Alopias sp. (A. sp.)

Cetorhinidae

Cetorhinus	Basking shark (C. maximus)

Lamnidae

Carcharodon	Great white shark (C. carcharias)
Isurus	Shortfin mako shark (I. oxyrinchus) Longfin mako shark (I. paucus)
Lamna	Salmon shark (L. ditropis) Porbeagle (L. nasus)

Megachasmidae

Megachasma	Megamouth shark (M. pelagios)

Mitsukurinidae

Mitsukurina	Goblin shark (M. owstoni)

Odontaspididae

Carcharias	Grey nurse shark (C. taurus) Indian sand tiger (C. tricuspidatus)
Odontaspis	Smalltooth sand tiger (O. ferox) Bigeye sand tiger (O. noronhai)

Pseudocarchariidae

Pseudocarcharias	Crocodile shark (P. kamoharai)

Order Orectolobiformes (Carpet sharks)

Brachaeluridae

Brachaelurus	Blind shark (B. waddi)
Heteroscyllium	Bluegrey carpetshark (H. colcloughi)

Ginglymostomatidae
(Nurse sharks)

Ginglymostoma	Nurse shark (G. cirratum)
Nebrius	Tawny nurse shark (N. ferrugineus)
Pseudoginglymostoma	Short-tail nurse shark (P. brevicaudatum)

Hemiscylliidae
(Bamboo sharks)

Chiloscyllium	Arabian carpetshark (C. arabicum) Burmese bamboo shark (C. burmensis) Bluespotted bamboo shark (C. caerulopunctatum) Grey bamboo shark (C. griseum) Hasselt's bamboo shark (C. hasseltii) Slender bamboo shark (C. indicum) Whitespotted bamboo shark (C. plagiosum) Brownbanded bamboo shark (C. punctatum)
Hemiscyllium	Indonesian speckled carpetshark (H. freycineti) H. galei Papuan epaulette shark (H. hallstromi) H. henryi Epaulette shark (H. ocellatum) Hooded carpetshark (H. strahani) Speckled carpetshark (H. trispeculare)

Orectolobidae
(Wobbegongs)

Eucrossorhinus	Tasselled wobbegong (E. dasypogon)
Orectolobus	Floral banded wobbegong (O. floridus) Banded wobbegong (O. halei) Western wobbegong (O. hutchinsi) Japanese wobbegong (O. japonicus) Spotted wobbegong (O. maculatus) Ornate wobbegong (O. ornatus) Dwarf spotted wobbegong (O. parvimaculatus) Network wobbegong (O. reticulatus) Northern wobbegong (O. wardi)
Sutorectus	Cobbler wobbegong (S. tentaculatus)

Parascylliidae
(Collared carpet sharks)

Cirrhoscyllium	Barbelthroat carpetshark (C. expolitum) Taiwan saddled carpetshark (C. formosanum) Saddle carpetshark (C. japonicum)
Parascyllium	Collared carpetshark (P. collare) Rusty carpetshark (P. ferrugineum) Ginger carpetshark (P. sparsimaculatum) Necklace carpetshark (P. variolatum)

Rhincodontidae

Rhincodon	Whale shark (R. typus)

Stegostomatidae

Stegostoma	Zebra shark (S. fasciatum)

Order Pristiophoriformes (Sawsharks)

Pristiophoridae

Pliotrema	Sixgill sawshark (P. warreni)
Pristiophorus	Longnose sawshark (P. cirratus) Tropical sawshark (P. delicatus) Japanese sawshark (P. japonicus) Shortnose sawshark (P. nudipinnis) Bahamas sawshark (P. schroederi) Eastern Australian sawshark (Pristiophorus peroniensis) Philippine sawshark (Pristiophorus sp. C) Dwarf sawshark (Pristiophorus sp. D)

Order Squaliformes

Centrophoridae
(Gulper sharks)

Centrophorus

Needle dogfish (C. acus)
Dwarf gulper shark (C. atromarginatus)
Gulper shark (C. granulosus)
Dumb gulper shark (C. harrissoni)
Blackfin gulper shark (C. isodon)
Lowfin gulper shark (C. lusitanicus)
Smallfin gulper shark (C. moluccensis)
Taiwan gulper shark (C. niaukang)
Leafscale gulper shark (C. squamosus)
Mosaic gulper shark (C. tessellatus)
Little gulper shark (C. uyato)

Deania

Birdbeak dogfish (D. calcea)
Rough longnose dogfish (D. hystricosa)
Arrowhead dogfish (D. profundorum)
Longsnout dogfish (D. quadrispinosum)

Dalatiidae

Euprotomicroides	Taillight shark (E. zantedeschia)
Heteroscymnoides	Longnose pygmy shark (H. marleyi)
Mollisquama	Pocket shark (M. parini)
Dalatias	Kitefin shark (D. licha)
Isistius	Cookiecutter shark (I. brasiliensis) South China cookiecutter shark (I. labialis) Largetooth cookiecutter shark (I. plutodus)
Euprotomicrus	Pygmy shark (E. bispinatus)
Squaliolus	Smalleye pygmy shark (S. aliae) Spined pygmy shark (S. laticaudus)

Etmopteridae

Aculeola	Hooktooth dogfish (A. nigra)
Centroscyllium	Highfin dogfish (C. excelsum) Black dogfish (C. fabricii) Granular dogfish (C. granulatum) Bareskin dogfish (C. kamoharai) Combtooth dogfish (C. nigrum) Ornate dogfish (C. ornatum) Whitefin dogfish (C. ritteri)
Etmopterus (Lantern sharks)	New Zealand lanternshark (E. baxteri) Blurred lanternshark (E. bigelowi) Shorttail lanternshark (E. brachyurus) Lined lanternshark (E. bullisi) E. burgessi Cylindrical lanternshark (E. carteri) Tailspot lanternshark (E. caudistigmus) Combtooth lanternshark (E. decacuspidatus) Pink lanternshark (E. dianthus) E. dislineatus Blackmouth lanternshark (E. evansi) Pygmy lanternshark (E. fusus) Broadbanded lanternshark (E. gracilispinis) Southern lanternshark (E. granulosus) Caribbean lanternshark (E. hillianus) Smalleye lantern shark (E. litvinovi) Blackbelly lanternshark (E. lucifer) Slendertail lanternshark (E. molleri) Dwarf lanternshark (E. perryi) African lanternshark (E. polli) Great lanternshark (E. princeps) False lanternshark (E. pseudosqualiolus) Smooth lanternshark (E. pusillus) Dense-scale lantern shark (E. pycnolepis) West Indian lanternshark (E. robinsi) Fringefin lanternshark (E. schultzi) Thorny lanternshark (E. sentosus) Velvet belly lantern shark (E. spinax) Splendid lanternshark (E. splendidus) Tasmanian lanternshark (E. tasmaniensis) Brown lanternshark (E. unicolor) Hawaiian lanternshark (E. villosus) Green lanternshark (E. virens)
Miroscyllium	Rasptooth dogfish (M. sheikoi)
Trigonognathus	Viper dogfish (T. kabeyai)

Oxynotidae
(Rough sharks)

Oxynotus	Prickly dogfish (O. bruniensis) Caribbean roughshark (O. caribbaeus) Angular roughshark (O. centrina) Japanese roughshark (O. japonicus) Sailfin roughshark (O. paradoxus)

Somniosidae
(Sleeper sharks)

Centroscymnus	Portuguese dogfish (C. coelolepis) Shortnose velvet dogfish (C. cryptacanthus) Roughskin dogfish (C. owstoni)
Centroselachus	Longnose velvet dogfish (C. crepidater)
Proscymnodon	Largespine velvet dogfish (P. macracanthus) Plunket shark (P. plunketi)
Scymnodalatias	Whitetail dogfish (S. albicauda) Azores dogfish (S. garricki) Sparsetooth dogfish (S. oligodon) Sherwood dogfish (S. sherwoodi)
Scymnodon	Smallmouth velvet dogfish (S. obscurus) Knifetooth dogfish (S. ringens)
Somniosus	Southern sleeper shark (S. antarcticus) Frog shark (S. longus ) Greenland shark (S. microcephalus) Pacific sleeper shark (S. pacificus) Little sleeper shark (S. rostratus)
Zameus	Japanese velvet dogfish (Z. ichiharai) Velvet dogfish (Z. squamulosus)