Zion's Church, Worpswede

Church in Worpswede, Germany

53°13′14″N 08°55′21″E / 53.22056°N 8.92250°E / 53.22056; 8.92250LocationWorpswedeCountryGermanyDenominationLutheranArchitectureFunctional statusparish churchArchitect(s)Johann Paul Heumann [de] (design)
Jürgen Christian Findorff [de] (construction)Architectural typeHall churchStyleRococo and Classical styleCompleted1759SpecificationsMaterialsbrickAdministrationSynodChurch of HanoverDioceseStade diocese [de]DeaneryOsterholz-ScharmbeckParishWorpswedeClergyPastor(s)Jörn Contag

Zion's Church (German: Zionskirche, Low Saxon: Zionskark) is a Lutheran parish church in Worpswede, Lower Saxony, Germany. The church is used and owned by the Lutheran Congregation of Worpswede within the Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Hanover. It was completed in 1759 and forms a landmark located on top of the Weyerberg hill.

Church building and furnishings

Moor commissioner Jürgen Christian Findorff [de]^[1] carried out the construction of the church building,^[2] following the plans by Johann Paul Heumann [de], Electoral Hanoverian court architect of King and Elector George II Augustus of Great Britain and Hanover. As summus episcopus, i.e. the supreme governor of the Lutheran State Church of Hanover, he provided financial support for the construction of the church. The church was built between 1757 and 1759 during the wearisome Seven Years' War, which had its American version as the Anglo-French and Indian War.

The brick hall church is not oriented, but directed on a southwest–northeast axis.^[2] Its else rather modest interior is beautified by a typical Protestant Kanzelaltar, combining pulpit and altar table, created in Rococo forms.^[2] The pulpit altar is structured by columns and pilasters, in their midst the pulpit.^[2] It bears the Tetragrammaton יהוה in a top auriole and to the left of the pulpit the king's rocaille-ornamented initials GR (Georgius Rex, hidden on the photo by a painting of a temporary exhibition).^[2]

Lofts (or matronea) span between the outer walls and the columns of Tuscan style.^[3] The structure of the lofts and the columns carrying them show already clear classical influence.^[3] In typical classical manner the ceiling was originally completely flat, until in 1898 the central section was changed to barrel vault.^[3] Due to the loft columns connecting to the flat ceiling only the central section could be changed to barrel vault, disturbing the classical appearance of the hall, giving the impression of a three-nave structure.^[3]

There are heads of cherubim by Clara Westhoff and floral ornaments by Paula Becker at the pendentives and the columns, connecting to the ceiling.^[3] After in 1900 Westhoff and Becker, both then members of the artists' colony in Worpswede and still students, had rung the church bells for fun, which was generally understood as a fire alarm, they were fined.^[3] They could not pay and were allowed to perform instead by way of offering these decorative elements to the church.^[3]

The church tower with its spire in baroque forms had been added at the northeastern end of the actual church building only in 1798. Zion's Church is located on the Weyerberg hill, and with its tower it is a landmark, often used as subject of paintings by the artists.

The organ

In 1763 Dietrich Christoph Gloger [de] created the first organ, which is not preserved.^[4] Deteriorating over many years, several times repaired, it went out of order in the 1890s.^[5] A new organ by the Peternell Brothers turned out too prone to repairs and was replaced in 1959. That organ by Alfred Führer [de] underwent the same fate so that the presbytery of the congregation voted for a new organ in 2004.^[5] On 4 March 2012 this new organ by Hendrik Ahrend was inaugurated.^[6] Following traditions of Arp Schnitger and his disciple Erasmus Bielfeldt [de], Ahrend designed an instrument resembling in its disposition to Gloger's organ, the disposition of which had been recorded.^[7]

The churchyard

The cemetery is a churchyard, thus it actually spreads around the church building. It was designed after plans of Findorff and attracts many visitors because of its elevated location on the Weyerberg and due to the graves preserved there. Among these are those of 80 known painters, authors, musicians and artisans, many of whom were members of the Worpswede Artists' Colony.

List of performers of arts and crafts buried in Worpswede

Ludwig Ahner; 1911–1979, sculptor and stone chiseller
Karl Arste; 1899–1942, painter and author
Waldemar Augustiny [de]; 1897–1979), author
Wilhelm Bartsch [de]; 1873–1953, painter
Annemarie Bertelsmann; 1913–1997, painter
Erna Bertelsmann, née Lundbeck; 1880-1956, sculptor and painter
Jürgen Bertelsmann [de]; 1913–1942, painter
Walter Bertelsmann [de]; 1877–1963, painter and graphic artist
Sophie Böltjer-Mallet; 1887–1966, painter
Willy Dammasch; 1887–1982, painter and graphic artist
Heinz Dodenhoff [de]; 1889–1981, painter and lyricist
Rudolf Dodenhoff [de]; 1917–1992, photographer
Hans am Ende; 1864–1918, painter
Bruno Fischer-Uwe [de]; 1915–1992, painter
Martin Goldyga; 1894–1956, gallery owner
Bernhard Huys [de]; aka Benny; 1895–1973, painter
Herbert Jaeckel; 1904–1981, copperplate engraver
Bernhard Kaufmann [de]; 1896–1980, publisher
Martin Kausche [de]; 1915–2007, graphic artist and painter
Edwin Koenemann [de]; 1883–1960, author
Karl Krummacher [de]; 1866–1955, painter and author
Angelika Lehmann-Billaudelle [de]; 1920–1964, sculptor
Peter Lehmann [de]; 1921–1995, sculptor
Ernst Licht [de]; 1892–1965, composer
Fritz Mackensen; 1866–1953, painter
Otto Meier [de]; 1903–1996, ceramic artist
Willy Meyer-Osburg; 1934–2005, painter
Leberecht Migge; 1881–1935, landscape architect, regional planner and protagonist of the life reform movement
Paula Modersohn-Becker, 1876–1907, painter
Walter Müller, aka Müller-Worpswede; 1901–1975, graphic artist and interior architect
Bettina Müller-Vogeler; 1903–2001, handloom weaver and tapestry weaver
Friedrich Netzel, aka Fritz; 1891–1945, gallery owner and art merchant
Friedrich Netzel jun.; 1929–1994, gallery owner and art merchant
Friedrich Netzel sen.; 1854–1931, merchant and bookbinder
Walter Niemann [de]; 1915–1986, painter and graphic artist
Willy Ohler; 1888–1975, ceramic artist and painter
Lisel Oppel; 1897–1960, painter
Udo Peters [de]; 1884–1964, painter
Hans-Georg Rauch [de]; 1939–1993, illustrator
Albert Peter Rehberg, 1895–1956, sculptor
Werner Rohde [de]; aka Tüt; 1906–1990, painter and photographer
Eugenie Saebens, née von Garvens; 1881–1964, author
Hans Saebens [de]; 1895–1969, photographer, graphic artist and painter
Agnes Sander-Plump; 1888–1980, painter
Wilhelm Scharrelmann [de]; 1875–1950, author and novelist
Albert Schiestl-Arding [de]; 1883–1937, painter
Max Karl Schwarz; 1895–1963, landscape architect
Fritz Uphoff [de]; 1890–1966, painter
Lore Uphoff-Schill; 1890–1968, painter
Jan Vogeler [de]; 1923–2005, philosopher and professor of Lomonosov University
Martha Vogeler [de], née Schröder; 1879–1961, painter and tapestry weaver
Martha Vogeler-Schnaars, aka Mascha; 1905–1993, weaver
Heide Weichberger; 1922–1980, ceramic artist
Tobias Weichberger [de]; 1951–1998, painter, etcher and illustrator
Paul Ernst Wilke [de]; 1894–1971, painter and graphic artist
Arrigo Wittler [de]; 1918–2004, painter and illustrator
Maryan Žurek [de]; 1889–1943, painter and sculptor
Sergius Žurek, cabinet maker
Charlotte Žurek-Schenk; 1910–1971, painter

Notes

^ Findorff was in charge of draining and colonising the moorland called Teufelsmoor. So he also built three new churches in the area, besides Zion's Church also the churches of Gnarrenburg (1785–1790) and Grasberg (1785–1789). Cf. Hans-Christoph Hoffmann, "Die Kunstlandschaft zwischen Elbe und Weser vom frühen Mittelalter bis zur Neuzeit", in: Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.), Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995; ISBN 978-3-9801919-7-5), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995; ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2), vol. III 'Neuzeit' (2008; ISBN 978-3-9801919-9-9), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), vol. II: pp. 389–517, here p. 487.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Hans-Christoph Hoffmann, "Die Kunstlandschaft zwischen Elbe und Weser vom frühen Mittelalter bis zur Neuzeit", in: Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.), Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995; ISBN 978-3-9801919-7-5), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995; ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2), vol. III 'Neuzeit' (2008; ISBN 978-3-9801919-9-9), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), vol. II: pp. 389–517, here p. 487.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Hans-Christoph Hoffmann, "Die Kunstlandschaft zwischen Elbe und Weser vom frühen Mittelalter bis zur Neuzeit", in: Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.), Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995; ISBN 978-3-9801919-7-5), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995; ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2), vol. III 'Neuzeit' (2008; ISBN 978-3-9801919-9-9), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), vol. II: pp. 389–517, here p. 488.
^ Helmut Stelljes, "«Königin der Kirchenmusik" in der Worpsweder Zionskirche", in: Heimat-Rundblick. Geschichte, Kultur, Natur, No. 100, 1/2012 (springtime 2012), ISSN 2191-4257, pp. 16–17.
^ ^a ^b "Worpswede, Zionskirche: Orgel der Firma Jürgen Ahrend Orgelbau (2012)" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine, on: Norddeutsche Orgelmusikkultur in Niedersachsen und Europa (Nomine) Archived 30 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
^ Die neue Orgel Archived 27 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
^ "Die Orgel" Archived 22 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine, on: Die neue Orgel Archived 27 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 6 November 2012.