Johann Rist
- Poet
- Dramatist
- Hymn writer
- Pastor
Johann Rist (8 March 1607 – 31 August 1667) was a German poet and dramatist best known for his hymns, which inspired musical settings and have remained in hymnals.
Life
Rist was born at Ottensen in Holstein-Pinneberg (today Hamburg) on 8 March 1607; the son of the Lutheran pastor of that place, Caspar Rist.[1] He received his early training at the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums in Hamburg and the Gymnasium Illustre in Bremen; he then studied theology at the university of Rinteln. Under the influence of Josua Stegman there, his interest in hymn writing began. On leaving Rinteln, he tutored the sons of a Hamburg merchant, accompanying them to the University of Rostock, where he himself studied Hebrew, mathematics, and medicine. During his time at Rostock, the Thirty Years War almost emptied the university, and Rist himself lay there for several weeks, suffering from pestilence.[2]
In 1633, he became tutor in the house of Landschreiber Heinrich Sager at Heide, in Holstein. Two years later (1635) he was appointed pastor of the village of Wedel on the Elbe.[1] In 1633 he married Elisabeth Stapel, sister of Franz Stapel, bailiff of nearby Pinneberg. They had five children, of whom two died early; Elisabeth died 1662. In 1664, he married Anna Hagedorn, born Badenhop, widow of his friend Phillipp Hagedorn. He died in Wedel on 31 August 1667.
Work as a dramatist and poet
Rist first made his name known to the literary world by a drama, Perseus (1634), which he wrote while at Heide, and in the next succeeding years he produced a number of dramatic works of which the allegory Das friedewünschende Teutschland (1647) and Das friedejauchzende Teutschland (1653) (new ed. of both by H. M. Schletterer, 1864) are the most interesting. Rist soon became the central figure in a school of minor poets. The emperor Ferdinand III crowned him laureate in 1644, ennobled him in 1653, and invested him with the dignity of a Count Palatine, an honor which enabled him to the crown, and to gain numerous poets for the Elbschwanenorden (Order of Elbe Swans), a literary and poetical society which he founded in 1660. He had already, in 1645, been admitted, under the name Daphnis aus Cimbrien, to the literary order of Pegnitz, and in 1647 he became, as Der Rüstige, a member of the Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft ("Fruitbearing Society").[1]
Work as a hymn writer
It is, however, as a writer of church hymns that Rist is best known. Among these several are still retained in the Protestant hymn book: e.g. "O Ewigkeit, du Donnerwort" and "Ermuntre dich, mein schwacher Geist". Collections of his poems appeared under the titles Musa Teutonica (1634) and Himmlische Lieder (1643).[1]
Johann Sebastian Bach composed two cantatas on "O Ewigkeit, du Donnerwort": BWV 60 (1723) using the first verse of the hymn, and the chorale cantata BWV 20 (1724) based on the entire chorale. Jesu, der du meine Seele, BWV 78, is another chorale cantata by Bach, based on the hymn with the same name by Rist.
Rist's hymn "O Gottes Geist, mein Trost und Rat" is sung to the tune of "Komm, Heiliger Geist, Herre Gott". Christiana Mariana von Ziegler included its ninth stanza in her libretto for Bach's cantata Er rufet seinen Schafen mit Namen, BWV 175.[3]
Rist's 1641/1642 hymn "Ein trauriger Grabgesang" is notable for being an early occurrence of the phrase "God is dead" in German culture, this time in an explicitly theistic, Protestant Christian context.[4] The text goes:
O große Not!
Gott selbst ligt tot,
Am Kreuz ist er gestorben.
Works
- Die alleredelste Belustigung (1666)
- Die alleredelste Erfindung (1667)
- Das alleredelste Leben (1663)
- Erbauliche Monaths-Unterredungen (1663–1668)[5]
- Das alleredelste Nass der gantzen Welt (1663)
- Das Friedewünschende Teuschland (1649)
- Sabbathische Seelenlust. Lüneburg: J. and H. Stern 1651
- Neue Musikalische Fest-Andachten: Lüneburg: J. and H. Stern 1655
- Neue Musikalische Katechismus-Andachten. Lüneburg: J. and H. Stern: 1656
- Himmlische Lieder. Lüneburg: J. and H. Stern 1641
- Neue Musikalische Kreutz- Trost- Lob und DankSchule. Lüneburg: J. and H. Stern 1659
References
- ^ a b c d Chisholm 1911.
- ^ Aryeh Oron (May 2013). "Johann Rist (Hymn-Writer)". Cyber Hymnal Website. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
- ^ Luke Dahn. BWV 175.7 at bach-chorales
.com , 2017 - ^ Josephson-Storm, Jason (2017). The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 67–68. ISBN 978-0-226-40336-6.
- ^ "4.1 History of Magazine Publishing – COM_101_01_TestBook". opentext.wsu.edu. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
- Attribution
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Rist, Johann von" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 366.
External links
- (In German) Rist-Jahr 2007 – Homepage by the Municipality of Wedel with much information about the "Wedel Rist-Anniversary 2007", the man Johann Rist and his circle of friends, register of works, register of documents stored in the Rist-Archive of the Wedel Municipal Archive, pictures etc.
- Free scores by Johann Rist at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
- v
- t
- e
- Christian Worship (1993)
- Common Service Book (1917)
- Evangelical Lutheran Hymn-Book (1912)
- Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary (1996)
- Evangelical Lutheran Worship (2006)
- Lutheran Book of Worship (1978)
- The Lutheran Hymnal (1941)
- Lutheran Hymnal with Supplement (1989)
- Lutheran Service Book (2006)
- Lutheran Worship (1982)
- ReClaim Hymnal (2006)
- Service Book and Hymnal (1958)
- First Lutheran hymnal (1524)
- Erfurt Enchiridion (1524)
- Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn (1524)
- Praxis pietatis melica (1640/47)
- Becker Psalter (1602)
- Evangelisches Gesangbuch (1993)
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and
hymnologists
- Mikael Agricola
- Johann Georg Albinus
- Albert von Brandenburg
- Michael Altenburg
- Anna Sophia II
- Johann Sebastian Bach
- Emilie Juliane of Barby-Mühlingen
- Martin Behm
- Sigmund von Birken
- Carl Boberg
- Birgitte Cathrine Boye
- Hans Adolph Brorson
- Johan Nordahl Brun
- Joachim a Burck
- Dieterich Buxtehude
- Christian Cappelen
- Elisabeth Cruciger
- Johann Crüger
- Simon Dach
- Wolfgang Dachstein
- Nikolaus Decius
- Paul Eber
- Ludmilla Elisabeth
- Princess Eugénie
- Jacobus Finno
- Paul Fleming
- Johann Franck
- Michael Franck
- Melchior Franck
- Salomon Franck
- Frans Michael Franzén
- Erik Gustaf Geijer
- Paul Gerhardt
- Bartholomäus Gesius
- Johannes Gigas
- N. F. S. Grundtvig
- Britt G. Hallqvist
- Andreas Hammerschmidt
- Claus Harms
- Fredrik Gabriel Hedberg
- Christian Fürchtegott Gellert
- Johann Heermann
- Ludwig Helmbold
- Valerius Herberger
- Nikolaus Herman
- Johannes Hermann
- Sebald Heyden
- Anders Hovden
- Konrad Hubert
- Bernhard Severin Ingemann
- Justus Jonas
- Sigfrid Karg-Elert
- Christian Keymann
- Balthasar Kindermann
- Thomas Kingo
- Børre Knudsen
- Johann Kolross
- Johann Balthasar König
- Julius Krohn
- Magnus Brostrup Landstad
- Ludvig Mathias Lindeman
- Elias Lönnrot
- Matthäus Apelles von Löwenstern
- Matthias Loy
- Sigurd Lunde
- Martin Luther
- Wilhelmi Malmivaara
- Hemminki of Masku
- Felix Mendelssohn
- Johann Matthäus Meyfart
- Georg Neumark
- Erdmann Neumeister
- Philipp Nicolai
- Johann Pachelbel
- Hallgrímur Pétursson
- Michael Praetorius
- Christian Heinrich Postel
- Adam Reusner
- Bartholomäus Ringwaldt
- Martin Rinkart
- Johann Rist
- Christian Knorr von Rosenroth
- Daniel Rumpius
- Johan Runeberg
- Gottfried Wilhelm Sacer
- Lina Sandell
- Carl Schalk
- Martin Schalling
- Heinrich Scheidemann
- Johann Hermann Schein
- Benjamin Schmolck
- Cyriakus Schneegass
- Johann Schop
- Johann Balthasar Schupp
- Heinrich Schütz
- Nikolaus Selnecker
- Eyvind Skeie
- Haquin Spegel
- Lazarus Spengler
- Paul Speratus
- Philipp Spitta
- Paul Stockmann
- Jesper Swedberg
- Jiří Třanovský
- Melchior Teschner
- N. Samuel of Tranquebar
- Zachris Topelius
- Leonard Typpö
- Jaroslav Vajda
- Gottfried Vopelius
- Philipp Wackernagel
- Johan Olof Wallin
- Johann Walter
- Michael Weiße
- Georg Weissel
- Olle Widestrand
- Carl David af Wirsén
- Catherine Winkworth
- Johannes Zahn