Ksingmul language

Austroasiatic language spoken in Laos and Vietnam

Ksingmul
Puoc
Xinh Mun
Native to	Vietnam, Laos
Ethnicity	Ksingmul people
Native speakers	(27,000 cited 1999 & 2005 censuses)^[1]
Language family	Austroasiatic Khmuic Ksingmul
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`puo`
Glottolog	`puoc1238`

Ksingmul (Ksing Mul, Puoc, Vietnamese: Xinh Mun, Chinese: 欣门语) is a Mon–Khmer language spoken by the Ksingmul people of Vietnam and Laos.

Varieties

Jerold Edmondson (2010: 144), citing Đặng Nghiêm Vạn, et al. (1972: 254 ff.), lists 3 major varieties of Ksingmul. Ksingmul Nghệt is the most conservative variety.

Ksingmul Nghệt: Nà Nghệt Village, Xiêng Khọ District, Sầm Nưa Province (Houaphan Province), Laos
Ksingmul Dạ: Chiềng On Village, Yên Châu District, Sơn La Province, Vietnam
Ksingmul Đồng

Phonology^[2]

Ksingmul Consonants
		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Stop	plain	p	t	c	k	ʔ
	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ		kʰ
	voiced	b	d		g
Fricative	plain		s			h
Fricative	voiced		zʲ
Approximant		w	l

Ksingmul Vowels
	Front	Central	Back
Close	i	ɨ	u
Diphthong	iə	ɨə	uə
Mid		ə	o
Open-mid	ɛ		ɔː
Open		ä

All monophthongs can be long or short, apart from /ɔː/ which can only be long.

References

^ Ksingmul at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ Dmitry Nikolaev. 2019. Ksingmul sound inventory (EA). In: Moran, Steven & McCloy, Daniel (eds.)

Edmondson, Jerold A. 2010. "The Kháng language of Vietnam in comparison to Ksingmul (Xinh-mun)." In Kenneth A. McElhanon and Ger Reesink, A Mosaic of languages and cultures: studies celebrating the career of Karl J. Franklin, 138–154. SIL e-Books, 19. [Dallas]: SIL International. http://www.sil.org/resources/archives/9267

External links

http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-9380-C@view Ksingmul in RWAAI Digital Archive

Austroasiatic languages

Bahnaric

North

West

Central

Alak Tariang Tampuan
South	Chrau Koho Stieng Ra’ong Mnong Mel-Khaonh Thmon

East

Katuic

West Katuic	Kuy Bru
Ta'oihic	Ta'Oi
Pacoh	Pacoh
Katu	Katu Phuong

Vietic

Viet-Muong	Vietnamese Northern, Thanh Hóa, Huế, Southern [vi] in China [vi] in US Mường Nguồn
Cuoi	Cuoi
Chứt	Arem May Ruc Sach
Kri	Maleng Kri Thavưng
Phong–Liha	Phong Tuom Liha

Khmuic

Khmu	Khmu
Mlabri	Mlabri
Phay-Pram	Prai Mal Ksingmul O’du Phong-Kniang

Pearic

Pear

Pear

Western Pearic
(Chong)

Central	Central Chong Samre Kasong
Western	Western Chong
Northern	Somray (Northern Chong)
Southern	Suoi Sa'och

Khasi–Palaungic

Khasic

Khasi-Pnar-Lyngngam	Khasi Pnar Lyngngam Maharam
War	War

Palaungic

Danau

Danau

West Palaungic

East Palaungic

Angkuic	Hu U Man Met Mok Muak Sa-aak Va
Waic	Blang Lawa Wa Meung Yum Savaiq
Bit-Khang	Bit Quang Lam Kháng Bumang
Lamet	Lamet Kiorr

Others

Kuan
Tai Loi

Munda

North

Korku

Korku

Kherwarian

Mundaric	Korwa Asur Birjia Birhor Ho Mundari Koda Majhwar Turi Agariya
Santalic	Santali Kol

South

Kharia	Kharia
Juang	Juang
Sora-Gorum	Gorum Sora Juray Lodhi
Gutob-Remo	Bonda Gutob
Gta’	Gta’

Nicobarese

Chaura-Teresa	Chaura Teressa
Central	Nancowry Camorta Katchal
Southern	Car Southern Nicobarese Shompen

Aslian

Jahaic (Northern)	Batek Cheq Wong Jahai Jedek Kensiu Kintaq Minriq Mintil Ten'edn Wila'
Senoic (Central)	Lanoh Sabüm Semai Semnam Temiar
Jah Hut	Jah Hut
Semelaic (Southern)	Mah Meri Semaq Beri Semelai Temoq
unclassified	Kenaboi