Mars Surveyor '98

Canceled NASA spaceflight mission in the Mars Exploration Program

  • Mars Climate Orbiter
  • Mars Polar Lander
ManufacturerLockheed Martin
Mission insignia
Mars Exploration Program
← Mars Global Surveyor
Mars Surveyor 2001 →
 

Mars Surveyor '98 was a mission in NASA's Mars Exploration Program that launched the Mars Climate Orbiter and the Mars Polar Lander to the planet Mars. The mission was to study the Martian weather, climate, water and carbon dioxide (CO2) budget, to understand the reservoirs, behavior, and atmospheric role of volatiles and to search for evidence of long-term and episodic climate changes.[citation needed] The Mars Polar Lander also carried two surface-penetrator probes for the New Millennium Program's Deep Space 2 mission. Both spacecraft were launched in 1998 and both were lost.

Spacecraft

Orbiter

The orbiter was lost due to a miscalculation in trajectory caused by an unintended and undetected mismatch between metric and English units of measurement.[1] The use of metric units as well as the data formats to employ were specified in a navigation software interface specification (SIS) published by JPL in 1996. Despite this, the flight operations team at Lockheed Martin provided impulse data in English units of pound-force seconds rather than newton seconds. These values were incorrect by a factor of 4.45 (1 lbf = 4.45 N). This caused erroneous course corrections that caused the orbiter to descend too low in Mars's atmosphere. The vehicle either burned up or bounced off into space.[citation needed]

Lander

Investigators concluded that the most likely cause of the lander's failure was a spurious sensor signal associated with the craft's legs falsely indicating the craft had touched down when in fact it was some 40 meters above the surface.[citation needed] When the landing legs unfolded they made a bouncing motion that accidentally set off the landing sensors, causing the descent engines to shut down prematurely and the lander to fall. Another possible reason for failure was inadequate preheating of catalysis beds for the pulsing rocket thrusters.[citation needed] Hydrazine fuel decomposes on the beds to make hot gases that are forced out of the rocket nozzles, generating thrust; in crash review tests cold catalysis beds caused misfiring and instability.

Mission

The Mars Surveyor 1998 program spacecraft development cost US$193.1 million. Launch costs for the Mars Surveyor '98 Program was estimated at US$91.7 million and mission operations at US$42.8 million.[2] The Mars Climate Orbiter was part of NASA's 10-year Mars Surveyor Program,[citation needed] with launches every 26 months when the Earth and Mars are favorably positioned.

See also

  • Spaceflight portal

References

  1. ^ BBC News Sci/Tech "Confusion leads to Mars failure", September 30, 1999. Retrieved 24 June 2014
  2. ^ "Mars Climate Orbiter". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
  • v
  • t
  • e
Active
Orbiters
Rovers


Past
Flybys
Orbiters
Landers
Rovers
Aircraft
Failed
launches
Future
Planned
Proposed
Cancelled
proposals
Exploration
Concepts
Strategies
Advocacy
Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.
  • v
  • t
  • e
Policy and history
History
(creation)
General
Human spaceflight
programs
Past
Current
Robotic programs
Past
Current
Individual featured
missions
(human and robotic)
Past
Currently
operating
Future
Communications
and navigation
NASA lists
NASA images
and artwork
Related
  • Category
  • Commons