Nitrofuran
Class of pharmaceutical drugs
Nitrofurans are a class of drugs typically used as antibiotics or antimicrobials.[1] The defining structural component is a furan ring with a nitro group.[2]
Drugs
Members of this class of drugs include:
- Antibacterials (antibiotics)
- Difurazone (also known as Nitrovin) — an antibacterial growth promoter used in the animal feeds
- Furazolidone
- Nifurfoline
- Nifuroxazide
- Nifurquinazol
- Nifurtoinol
- Nifurzide
- Nitrofural (also known as nitrofurazone)
- Nitrofurantoin — a drug used to treat urinary tract infections[3]
- Ranbezolid — technically an oxazolidinone antibiotic bearing a nitrofuran group
- Antimicrobials
- Furaltadone — an antiprotozoal
- Furazidine — an antibacterial and antiprotozoal
- Furaginum — an antibacterial
- Furylfuramide — a formerly used food preservative
- Nifuratel — an antiprotozoal and antifungal
- Nifurtimox — an antiprotozoal
- FANFT, a potent nitrofuran derivative tumor initiator. It causes bladder tumors in all animals studied and is mutagenic to many bacteria.
Regulation
The European Union has banned the use of Nitrofurans in food-producing animals. In the 2000s, a number of meat imports were destroyed after nitrofurans were found, including chicken imported from Portugal,[4] and chicken imported from Thailand and Brazil.[5]
References
- ^ Chu, Pak-Sin; Lopez, Mayda I; Abraham, Ann; El Said, Kathleen R; Plakas, Steven M (2008). "Residue Depletion of Nitrofuran Drugs and Their Tissue-Bound Metabolites in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) after Oral Dosing". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56 (17): 8030–8034. doi:10.1021/jf801398p. PMID 18698789.
- ^ Vass, M; Hruska, K; Franek, M (2008). "Nitrofuran antibiotics: a review on the application, prohibition and residual analysis". Veterinarni Medicina. 53: 469–500. doi:10.17221/1979-VETMED.
- ^ Huttner, Angela; Verhaegh, Els M; Harbarth, Stephan; Muller, Anouk E; Theuretzbacher, Ursula; Mouton, Johan W (2015). "Nitrofurantoin revisited: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials". Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 70 (9): 2456–2464. doi:10.1093/jac/dkv147. PMID 26066581.
- ^ "UK Food Law News (03-18)". www.reading.ac.uk.
- ^ "UK Food Law News (02-35)". www.reading.ac.uk.
External links
- Nitrofurans at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- v
- t
- e
(inhibit bacterial
purine metabolism,
thereby inhibiting
DNA and RNA
synthesis)
| DHFR inhibitor | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sulfonamides (DHPS inhibitor) |
| ||||||||
| Combinations |
| ||||||||
| Other DHPS inhibitors |
(inhibit bacterial
topoisomerase
and/or DNA gyrase,
thereby inhibiting
DNA replication)
| 1st generation | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fluoroquinolones |
| ||||||||
| Newer non-fluorinated | |||||||||
| Related (DG) |
inhibitors
| Nitroimidazole derivatives | |
|---|---|
| Nitrofuran derivatives |
| Rifamycins/ RNA polymerase | |
|---|---|
| Lipiarmycins |
- #WHO-EM
- ‡Withdrawn from market
- Clinical trials:
- †Phase III
- §Never to phase III
Authority control databases: National  |
|
|---|
