Western Malayo-Polynesian languages

Paraphyletic grouping of Austronesian languages
Western Malayo-Polynesian
(obsolete)
Geographic
distribution
Southeast Asia and Madagascar
Linguistic classificationAustronesian
  • Malayo-Polynesian
    • Western Malayo-Polynesian
ISO 639-5pqw
GlottologNone

The Western Malayo-Polynesian (WMP) languages, also known as the Hesperonesian languages, are a paraphyletic grouping of Austronesian languages that includes those Malayo-Polynesian languages that do not belong to the Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian (CEMP) branch. This includes all Austronesian languages spoken in Madagascar, Mainland Southeast Asia, the Philippines, the Greater Sunda Islands (including smaller neighboring islands), Bali, Lombok, the western half of Sumbawa, Palau and the Mariana Islands.

Western Malayo-Polynesian was originally proposed by Robert Blust as a sister branch within Malayo-Polynesian coordinate to the CEMP branch.[1] Because there are no features that define the WMP languages positively as a subgroup, recent classifications have abandoned it.[2][3]

References

  1. ^ Blust, Robert. 1980. Austronesian Etymologies. Oceanic Linguistics 19, pp. 1-189
  2. ^ K. Alexander Adelaar & Nikolaus Himmelmann. 2005. The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar: A historical perspective, pp. 1-42, London, Routledge ISBN 0-7007-1286-0
  3. ^ Smith, Alexander D. (2017). "The Western Malayo-Polynesian Problem". Oceanic Linguistics. 56 (2): 435–490. doi:10.1353/ol.2017.0021. S2CID 149377092.
  • v
  • t
  • e
Rukaic
Tsouic
Northern
Atayalic
Northwest
Formosan
East
Kavalanic
Ami
Siraiyac
Southern ?
Philippine
(linkage) ?
Batanic (Bashiic)
Northern Luzon
Cagayan Valley
Meso-Cordilleran
Central Cordilleran
Southern Cordilleran
Central Luzon
Sambalic
Northern Mindoro
Greater Central
Philippine
Southern Mindoro
Central Philippine
Tagalogic
Bikol
Bisayan
Mansakan
(unclassified)
  • Ata †
Palawanic
Subanen
Danao
Manobo
Gorontalo–Mongondow
Kalamian
Bilic
Sangiric
Minahasan
Other branches
Manide–Alabat
Greater Barito *
Barito
Sama–Bajaw
Greater
North Borneo *
North Borneo *
Northeast Sabah *
Southwest Sabah *
Greater
Dusunic *
Bisaya–Lotud
Dusunic
Paitanic
Greater
Murutic *
Murutic
North Sarawak *
Central Sarawak
Kayanic
Land Dayak
Malayo–Chamic *
Aceh–Chamic
Iban–Malayan
Ibanic
Sundanese
Rejang ?
Moklenic ?
Sumatran *
Northwest Sumatra
–Barrier Islands
Batak
Lampungic
Javanese
Madurese
Bali–Sasak
–Sumbawa
Celebic
Bungku–Tolaki
Muna–Buton
Saluan–Banggai
Tomini–Tolitoli *
Kaili–Wolio *
Kaili–Pamona
Wotu–Wolio
South Sulawesi
Bugis
Makassar
Seko–Badaic *
Seko
Badaic
Northern
Massenrempulu
Pitu Ulunna Salu
Toraja
Isolates
Bima
Sumba–Flores
Sumba–Hawu
Savu
Sumba
Western Flores
Flores–Lembata
Lamaholot
Selaru
Kei–Tanimbar ?
Aru
Timoric *
Central Timor *
Wetar–Galoli ?
Kawaimina
Luangic–Kisaric ?
Rote–Meto
Babar
Southwest Maluku
Kowiai ?
Central Maluku *
West
East
Nunusaku
Piru Bay ?
SHWNG
Halmahera Sea
Ambel–Biga
Maya–Matbat
Maden
As
South Halmahera
Cenderawasih
Biakic
Yapen
Southwest
Oceanic
Admiralty
Eastern
Western
Saint Matthias
Temotu
Utupua
Vanikoro
Reefs–Santa Cruz
Southeast
Solomonic
Gela–Guadalcanal
Malaita–
San Cristobal
Western
Oceanic
Meso–
Melanesian
Willaumez
Bali-Vitu
New Ireland–
Northwest
Solomonic
Tungag–Nalik
Tabar
Madak
St. George
Northwest
Solomonic
North
New Guinea
Sarmi–
Jayapura ?
Schouten
Huon Gulf
Ngero–Vitiaz
Papuan Tip
Nuclear
Kilivila–Misima
Nimoa–Sudest
Southern
Oceanic
North
Vanuatu
Torres–Banks
Maewo–Ambae–
North Pentecost
South Pentecost
Espiritu Santo
Nuclear
Southern
Oceanic
Central
Vanuatu
Epi
Malakula
South Vanuatu
Erromango
Tanna
Loyalties–
New Caledonia
Loyalty Islands
New Caledonian
Southern
Northern
Micronesian
Nuclear
Micronesian
Chuukic–
Pohnpeic
Chuukic
Pohnpeic
Central
Pacific
West
East
Polynesian
Nuclear
Polynesian
Samoic
Eastern
Futunic
Tongic
  • * indicates proposed status
  • ? indicates classification dispute
  • † indicates extinct status
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