Dazaifu, Fukuoka
City in Kyushu, Japan
Dazaifu  Flag  Emblem | |
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 Location of Dazaifu in Fukuoka Prefecture | |
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| Flower | Ume blossom |
| Tree | Kusunoki |
Dazaifu (太宰府市, Dazaifu-shi) is a city located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, part of the greater Fukuoka metropolitan area.[1] Nearby cities include Ōnojō and Chikushino. Although mostly mountainous, it does have arable land used for paddy fields and market gardening. As of October 2018, the city has an estimated population of 72,231 with 29,355 households and a population density of 2,440 persons per km². The total area is 29.58 km².
The city was officially founded on April 1, 1982, although it has been important historically for more than a thousand years. It was an administrative capital of Fukuoka at around 663 CE.
History
Dazaifu was the imperial office governing Kyūshū (corresponding to Tagajō in Tōhoku) after it was moved from present-day Fukuoka City in 663.
According to the Taiho Code of 701, an attempt by the Yamato state to exert further control over its territories, Dazaifu was given two principal administrative functions: to supervise the affairs of Tsukushi (present-day Kyushu) and to receive foreign emissaries. Dazaifu hosted foreign embassies from China and Korea. Kōrokan, a guesthouse for foreign embassies, was also established. The Korokan featured in contemporary literature, such as the Man'yōshū, as a place of departure for ocean voyages.
From the Nara period through the Heian period and until the Kamakura period, Dazaifu was one of the military and administrative centers of Japan.
Government records indicate that the disastrous Japanese smallpox epidemic that took place from 735 to 737 first took hold in Dazaifu.[2]
In the Heian period, Dazaifu was a place of exile for high-ranking courtiers. Nobles exiled there include Sugawara no Michizane.[3] His grave is at Dazaifu Tenman-gū.
Dazaifu was sometimes attacked by rebels. At other times the head of Dazaifu himself raised a rebellion.[chronology citation needed] In 739 the powerful nobleman Fujiwara Hirotsugu was appointed to Dazaifu. He soon organised a rebellion, raising 15,000 men. After three months, the uprising was suppressed by 17,000 court troops. In 939 another nobleman, Fujiwara Sumitomo, rebelled against the court. Allying himself with pirates, in 941 he landed in Kyushu. Then he defeated the troops guarding Dazaifu and burned the state buildings. Due to this and other developments, Dazaifu never regained its earlier prestige.[4]
With the invasions of the Mongols and the decline of imperial authority, Dazaifu became less politically significant. In the Muromachi period the political center of Kyūshū was moved to Hakata.
In medieval times, Dazaifu was the base of the Shōni clan.[1][5] The Shōni were later expelled by the Ōuchi clan.
In the Edo period, Dazaifu was a part of the Kuroda han until its abolition in 1873.
Geography
Climate
Dazaifu has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa). The average annual temperature in Dazaifu is 16.3 °C (61.3 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,851.9 mm (72.91 in) with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 27.7 °C (81.9 °F), and lowest in January, at around 5.6 °C (42.1 °F).[6] The highest temperature ever recorded in Dazaifu was 38.6 °C (101.5 °F) on 20 July 2018 and 3 August 2023; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −5.6 °C (21.9 °F) on 25 January 2016.[7]
| Climate data for Dazaifu (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1977−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.6 (67.3) | 23.1 (73.6) | 25.4 (77.7) | 30.3 (86.5) | 33.9 (93.0) | 37.7 (99.9) | 38.6 (101.5) | 38.6 (101.5) | 36.5 (97.7) | 33.3 (91.9) | 27.1 (80.8) | 24.9 (76.8) | 38.6 (101.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.7 (49.5) | 11.1 (52.0) | 14.7 (58.5) | 20.0 (68.0) | 24.9 (76.8) | 27.6 (81.7) | 31.2 (88.2) | 32.5 (90.5) | 28.7 (83.7) | 23.7 (74.7) | 17.8 (64.0) | 12.0 (53.6) | 21.2 (70.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) | 6.6 (43.9) | 9.8 (49.6) | 14.6 (58.3) | 19.4 (66.9) | 23.0 (73.4) | 26.8 (80.2) | 27.7 (81.9) | 23.9 (75.0) | 18.4 (65.1) | 12.8 (55.0) | 7.6 (45.7) | 16.4 (61.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.9 (35.4) | 2.4 (36.3) | 5.2 (41.4) | 9.7 (49.5) | 14.5 (58.1) | 19.3 (66.7) | 23.6 (74.5) | 24.2 (75.6) | 20.0 (68.0) | 13.9 (57.0) | 8.4 (47.1) | 3.6 (38.5) | 12.2 (54.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −5.6 (21.9) | −5.3 (22.5) | −4.0 (24.8) | −0.7 (30.7) | 5.1 (41.2) | 7.7 (45.9) | 16.0 (60.8) | 16.9 (62.4) | 8.1 (46.6) | 2.0 (35.6) | −0.5 (31.1) | −3.2 (26.2) | −5.6 (21.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 69.9 (2.75) | 74.3 (2.93) | 113.6 (4.47) | 134.8 (5.31) | 145.8 (5.74) | 282.2 (11.11) | 359.0 (14.13) | 237.0 (9.33) | 183.9 (7.24) | 96.9 (3.81) | 86.1 (3.39) | 68.6 (2.70) | 1,851.9 (72.91) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9.4 | 9.2 | 10.8 | 10.2 | 9.1 | 12.6 | 12.8 | 10.9 | 10.3 | 7.2 | 8.7 | 9.0 | 120.2 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 105.0 | 118.8 | 155.1 | 179.5 | 190.9 | 122.8 | 141.4 | 174.2 | 151.8 | 168.9 | 136.9 | 107.1 | 1,752.3 |
| Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[6][7] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Dazaifu in 2020 is 73,164 people.[8] Dazaifu has been conducting censuses since 1920.
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| Dazaifu population statistics[8] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Attractions
The Kyushu National Museum opened on October 16, 2005. A wood and glass building in a hilly landscape, it hosts collections of Japanese artifacts related to the history of Kyūshū.
Kōmyōzen-ji is a Zen temple famous for its stone garden. It was built during the Kamakura period just next to Dazaifu Tenman-gū. Another temple, Kanzeon-ji, was built in the 8th century. It was once the chief Buddhist temple on Kyūshū[9] and houses a number of historical, artistic, and religious treasures. All three are within walking distance of Nishitetsu Dazaifu Station.
The ruins of the medieval Dazaifu Administrative Buildings, also located within walking distance of Dazaifu Station, are today a public park.
There is small museum about Sugawara no Michizane, who died in exile in Dazaifu in 903.[1]
The Starbucks coffeeshop in Dazaifu has a unique design by Kengo Kuma.[10]
Education
There are several universities in the city:
- Chikushi Jogakuen University
- Fukuoka International University
- Fukuoka University of Economics
- Fukuoka Social Medical Welfare University
For a time there was a junior college:
- Aso Fukuoka Junior College (1989–1999)
Area primary and junior high schools are administered by the Dazaifu Board of Education.
- Dazaifu Minami Elementary School
- Dazaifu Higashi Elementary School
- Dazaifu Nishi Elementary School
- Dazaifu Elementary School
- Mizuki Nishi Elementary School
- Mizuki Elementary School
- Kokubu Elementary School
- Gakugyouin Junior High School
- Dazaifu Higashi Junior High School
- Dazaifu Nishi Junior High School
- Dazaifu Junior High School
The prefecture operates senior high schools
- Chikushidai High School
- Fukuoka Prefectural Dazaifu High School
See also
- Dazaifu (government)
- Dazaifu Line
- Tofurōminami Station
Notes
- ^ a b c Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Dazaifu" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 150, p. 150, at Google Books.
- ^ Farris, William Wayne (1985). Population, Disease, and Land in Early Japan, 645-900. Harvard University Asia Center. p. 54. ISBN 9780674690059.
- ^ Nussbaum, "Sugawara no Michizane" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 908, p. 908, at Google Books.
- ^ Cobbing, Andrew 2009, Kyushu: Gateway to Japan, p. 83
- ^ Sansom, George (1961). A History of Japan, 1334-1615. Stanford University Press. p. 45. ISBN 0804705259.
- ^ a b 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- ^ a b 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- ^ a b Dazaifu population statistics
- ^ Kanzeon-ji, explanatory plaques on site.
- ^ "Starbucks Dazaifu by Kengo Kuma". Japan Travel. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
References
- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
External links
Media related to Dazaifu, Fukuoka at Wikimedia Commons
- Dazaifu City official website (in Japanese)
- Dazaifu page of official Fukuoka Prefecture Tourism Association website
- Kyushu National Museum official web site Archived 2014-08-09 at the Wayback Machine
- English guidemap
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