Lithium oxide

Lithium oxide

__ Li+     __ O2−
Names
IUPAC name
Lithium oxide
Other names
Lithia
Kickerite
Dilithium Monoxide
Dilithium Oxide
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 12057-24-8 checkY
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChemSpider
  • 145811 checkY
ECHA InfoCard 100.031.823 Edit this at Wikidata
PubChem CID
  • 166630
RTECS number
  • OJ6360000
UNII
  • 2ON0O9YI0Q checkY
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID90923799 DTXSID10893208, DTXSID90923799 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
  • InChI=1S/2Li.O/q2*+1;-2 checkY
    Key: FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1S/2Li.O/q2*+1;-2
    Key: FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYAW
  • Key: FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • [Li+].[Li+].[O-2]
Properties
Chemical formula
Li
2
O
Molar mass 29.88 g/mol
Appearance white solid
Density 2.013 g/cm3
Melting point 1,438 °C (2,620 °F; 1,711 K)
Boiling point 2,600 °C (4,710 °F; 2,870 K)
Solubility in water
Reacts to form LiOH
log P 9.23
1.644 [1]
Structure
Antifluorite (cubic), cF12
Fm3m, No. 225
Tetrahedral (Li+); cubic (O2−)
Thermochemistry
1.8105 J/g K or 54.1 J/mol K
Std molar
entropy (S298)
37.89 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of
formation fH298)
-20.01 kJ/g or -595.8 kJ/mol
-562.1 kJ/mol
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Corrosive, reacts violently with water
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazard W: Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner. E.g. sodium, sulfuric acid
3
0
1
W
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions
Lithium sulfide
Lithium selenide
Lithium telluride
Lithium polonide
Other cations
Sodium oxide
Potassium oxide
Rubidium oxide
Caesium oxide
Related lithium oxides
Lithium peroxide
Lithium superoxide
Related compounds
Lithium hydroxide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)
Infobox references
Chemical compound

Lithium oxide (Li
2
O) or lithia is an inorganic chemical compound. It is a white solid. Although not specifically important, many materials are assessed on the basis of their Li2O content. For example, the Li2O content of the principal lithium mineral spodumene (LiAlSi2O6) is 8.03%.[2]

Production

Burning lithium metal produces lithium oxide.

Lithium oxide forms along with small amounts of lithium peroxide when lithium metal is burned in the air and combines with oxygen at temperatures above 100 °C:[3]

4Li + O
2
→ 2Li
2
O
.

Pure Li
2
O
can be produced by the thermal decomposition of lithium peroxide, Li
2
O
2
, at 450 °C[3][2]

2Li
2
O
2
→ 2Li
2
O
+ O
2

Structure

Solid lithium oxide adopts an antifluorite structure with four-coordinated Li+ centers and eight-coordinated oxides.[4]

The ground state gas phase Li
2
O
molecule is linear with a bond length consistent with strong ionic bonding.[5][6] VSEPR theory would predict a bent shape similar to H
2
O
.

Uses

Lithium oxide is used as a flux in ceramic glazes; and creates blues with copper and pinks with cobalt. Lithium oxide reacts with water and steam, forming lithium hydroxide and should be isolated from them.

Its usage is also being investigated for non-destructive emission spectroscopy evaluation and degradation monitoring within thermal barrier coating systems. It can be added as a co-dopant with yttria in the zirconia ceramic top coat, without a large decrease in expected service life of the coating. At high heat, lithium oxide emits a very detectable spectral pattern, which increases in intensity along with degradation of the coating. Implementation would allow in situ monitoring of such systems, enabling an efficient means to predict lifetime until failure or necessary maintenance.

Lithium metal might be obtained from lithium oxide by electrolysis, releasing oxygen as by-product.

Reactions

Lithium oxide absorbs carbon dioxide forming lithium carbonate:

Li
2
O
+ CO
2
Li
2
CO
3

The oxide reacts slowly with water, forming lithium hydroxide:

Li
2
O
+ H
2
O
→ 2LiOH

See also

References

  1. ^ Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8
  2. ^ a b Wietelmann, Ulrich and Bauer, Richard J. (2005) "Lithium and Lithium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_393.
  3. ^ a b Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1984). Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford: Pergamon Press. pp. 97–99. ISBN 978-0-08-022057-4.
  4. ^ Zintl, Eduard; Harder, A.; Dauth, B. (1934). "Gitterstruktur der Oxyde, Sulfide, Selenide und Telluride des Lithiums, Natriums und Kaliums". Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie und Angewandte Physikalische Chemie (in German). 40 (8): 588–593. doi:10.1002/bbpc.19340400811. S2CID 94213844.
  5. ^ Wells A. F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN 0-19-855370-6
  6. ^ A spectroscopic determination of the bond length of the LiOLi molecule: Strong ionic bonding, D. Bellert, W. H. Breckenridge, J. Chem. Phys. 114, 2871 (2001); doi:10.1063/1.1349424

External links

  • CeramicMaterials.Info entry
  • v
  • t
  • e
Inorganic (list)
  • Li2
  • LiAlCl4
  • Li1+xAlxGe2−x(PO4)3
  • LiAlH4
  • LiAlO2
  • LiAl1+xTi2−x(PO4)3
  • LiAs
  • LiAsF6
  • Li3AsO4
  • LiAt
  • Li[AuCl4]
  • LiB(C2O4)2
  • LiB(C6F5)4
  • LiBF4
  • LiBH4
  • LiBO2
  • LiB3O5
  • Li2B4O7
  • Li2TiF6
  • Li2ZrF6
  • Li2B4O7·5H2O
  • LiBSi2
  • LiBr
  • LiBr·2H2O
  • LiBrO
  • LiBrO2
  • LiBrO3
  • LiBrO4
  • Li2C2
  • LiCF3SO3
  • CH3CH(OH)COOLi
  • LiC2H2ClO2
  • LiC2H3IO2
  • Li(CH3)2N
  • LiCHO2
  • LiCH3O
  • LiC2H5O
  • LiCN
  • Li2CN2
  • LiCNO
  • Li2CO3
  • Li2C2O4
  • LiCl
  • LiCl·H2O
  • LiClO
  • LiFO
  • LiClO2
  • LiClO3
  • LiClO4
  • LiCoO2
  • Li2CrO4
  • Li2CrO4·2H2O
  • Li2Cr2O7
  • CsLiB6O10
  • LiD
  • LiF
  • Li2F
  • LiF4Al
  • Li3F6Al
  • FLiBe
  • LiFePO4
  • FLiNaK
  • LiGaH4
  • Li2GeF6
  • Li2GeO3
  • LiGe2(PO4)3
  • LiH
  • LiH2AsO4
  • Li2HAsO4
  • LiHCO3
  • Li3H(CO3)2
  • LiH2PO3
  • LiH2PO4
  • LiHSO3
  • LiHSO4
  • LiHe
  • LiI
  • LiIO
  • LiIO2
  • LiIO3
  • LiIO4
  • Li2IrO3
  • Li7La3Zr2O12
  • LiMn2O4
  • Li2MoO4
  • Li0.9Mo6O17
  • LiN3
  • Li3N
  • LiNH2
  • Li2NH
  • LiNO2
  • LiNO3
  • LiNO3·H2O
  • Li2N2O2
  • LiNa
  • Li2NaPO3
  • LiNaNO2
  • LiNbO3
  • Li2NbO3
  • LiO
  • LiO2
  • LiO3
  • Li2O
  • Li2O2
  • LiOH
  • Li3P
  • LiPF6
  • Li3PO4
  • Li2HPO3
  • Li2HPO4
  • Li3PO3
  • Li3PO4
  • Li2Po
  • Li2PtO3
  • Li2RuO3
  • Li2S
  • LiSCN
  • LiSH
  • LiSO3F
  • Li2SO3
  • Li2SO4
  • Li[SbF6]
  • Li2Se
  • Li2SeO3
  • Li2SeO4
  • LiSi
  • Li2SiF6
  • Li4SiO4
  • Li2SiO3
  • Li2Si2O5
  • LiTaO3
  • Li2Te
  • LiTe3
  • Li2TeO3
  • Li2TeO4
  • Li2TiO3
  • Li4Ti5O12
  • LiTi2(PO4)3
  • LiVO3·2H2O
  • Li3V2(PO4)3
  • Li2WO4
  • LiYF4
  • LiZr2(PO4)3
  • Li2ZrO3
Organic (soaps)
Minerals
Hypothetical
  • LixBey
  • HLiHe+
  • LiFHeO
  • LiHe2
  • (HeO)(LiF)2
  • La2/3-xLi3xTiO3He
Other Li-related
  • v
  • t
  • e
Mixed oxidation states
+1 oxidation state
+2 oxidation state
+3 oxidation state
  • Actinium(III) oxide (Ac2O3)
  • Aluminium oxide (Al2O3)
  • Americium(III) oxide (Am2O3)
  • Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3)
  • Arsenic trioxide (As2O3)
  • Berkelium(III) oxide (Bk2O3)
  • Bismuth(III) oxide (Bi2O3)
  • Boron trioxide (B2O3)
  • Caesium sesquioxide (Cs2O3)
  • Californium(III) oxide (Cf2O3)
  • Cerium(III) oxide (Ce2O3)
  • Chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3)
  • Cobalt(III) oxide (Co2O3)
  • Dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3)
  • Dysprosium(III) oxide (Dy2O3)
  • Einsteinium(III) oxide (Es2O3)
  • Erbium(III) oxide (Er2O3)
  • Europium(III) oxide (Eu2O3)
  • Gadolinium(III) oxide (Gd2O3)
  • Gallium(III) oxide (Ga2O3)
  • Gold(III) oxide (Au2O3)
  • Holmium(III) oxide (Ho2O3)
  • Indium(III) oxide (In2O3)
  • Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)
  • Lanthanum oxide (La2O3)
  • Lutetium(III) oxide (Lu2O3)
  • Manganese(III) oxide (Mn2O3)
  • Neodymium(III) oxide (Nd2O3)
  • Nickel(III) oxide (Ni2O3)
  • Phosphorus trioxide (P4O6)
  • Praseodymium(III) oxide (Pr2O3)
  • Promethium(III) oxide (Pm2O3)
  • Rhodium(III) oxide (Rh2O3)
  • Samarium(III) oxide (Sm2O3)
  • Scandium oxide (Sc2O3)
  • Terbium(III) oxide (Tb2O3)
  • Thallium(III) oxide (Tl2O3)
  • Thulium(III) oxide (Tm2O3)
  • Titanium(III) oxide (Ti2O3)
  • Tungsten(III) oxide (W2O3)
  • Vanadium(III) oxide (V2O3)
  • Ytterbium(III) oxide (Yb2O3)
  • Yttrium(III) oxide (Y2O3)
+4 oxidation state
+5 oxidation state
+6 oxidation state
+7 oxidation state
+8 oxidation state
Related
Oxides are sorted by oxidation state. Category:Oxides
  • v
  • t
  • e
  • Ag4O4
  • Al2O3
  • AmO2
  • Am2O3
  • As2O3
  • As2O5
  • Au2O3
  • B2O3
  • BaO
  • BeO
  • Bi2O3
  • BiO2
  • Bi2O5
  • BrO2
  • Br2O3
  • Br2O5
  • Br
    3
    O
    8
  • CO
  • CO2
  • C3O2
  • CaO
  • CaO2
  • CdO
  • CeO2
  • Ce3O4
  • Ce2O3
  • ClO2
  • Cl2O
  • Cl2O2
  • Cl2O3
  • Cl2O4
  • Cl2O6
  • Cl2O7
  • CoO
  • Co2O3
  • Co3O4
  • CrO3
  • Cr2O3
  • Cr2O5
  • Cr5O12
  • CsO2
  • Cs2O3
  • CuO
  • Dy2O3
  • Er2O3
  • Eu2O3
  • FeO
  • Fe2O3
  • Fe3O4
  • Ga2O
  • Ga2O3
  • GeO
  • GeO2
  • H2O
  • 2H2O
  • 3H2O
  • H218O
  • H2O2
  • HfO2
  • HgO
  • Hg2O
  • Ho2O3
  • IO
  • I2O4
  • I2O5
  • I2O6
  • I4O9
  • In2O3
  • IrO2
  • KO2
  • K2O2
  • La2O3
  • Li2O
  • Li2O2
  • Lu2O3
  • MgO
  • Mg2O3
  • MnO
  • MnO2
  • Mn2O3
  • Mn2O7
  • MoO2
  • MoO3
  • Mo2O3
  • NO
  • NO2
  • N2O
  • N2O3
  • N2O4
  • N2O5
  • NaO2
  • Na2O
  • Na2O2
  • NbO
  • NbO2
  • Nd2O3
  • O2F
  • OF
  • OF2
  • O2F2
  • O3F2
  • O4F2
  • O5F2
  • O6F2
  • O2PtF6
  • more...