Name | Title | Home country | Exile period († – died in exile) | Exiled country or countries |
Jehoahaz | King of Judah | Kingdom of Judah | 609 BC–unknown | Egypt |
Jeconiah | King of Judah | Kingdom of Judah | 597 BC–562 BC | Babylon |
Pisistratus | Tyrant of Athens | Athens | 561 BC–556 BC | |
556 BC–546 BC | Rhaecelus |
Arcesilaus III | King of Cyrene | Cyrene | 518 BC–515 BC | Samos |
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus | King of Rome | Roman Kingdom | 509 BC–495 BC† | Caere, Clusium, Tusculum, and Cumae |
Lycophron II | Tyrant of Pherae | Pherae | 352 BC–after 352 BC† | Athens |
Arybbas | King of Epirus | Epirus | 343 BC–unknown† | Athens |
Nectanebo II | Pharaoh of Egypt | Egypt | 342 BC–unknown† | Upper Egypt Nubia |
Aeacides | King of Epirus | Epirus | 316 BC–313 BC | |
Pyrrhus | King of Epirus | Epirus | 302 BC–297 BC | |
Cleombrotus II | King of Sparta | Sparta | 240 BC–unknown† | Tegea |
Cleomenes III | King of Sparta | Sparta | 222 BC–219 BC† | Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt |
Demetrius III Eucaerus | King of Syria | Seleucid Empire | 87 BC–after 87 BC† | Parthia |
Herod Antipas | Tetrarch of Galilee and Perea | Galilee and Perea | 39 AD–after 39 AD† | Gaul |
Mithridates III | King of the Bosporus | Bosporan Kingdom | 45–68† | Rome, Roman Empire |
Romulus Augustulus | Roman Emperor | Western Roman Empire | 476–after 511† | Campania (Castellum Lucullanum) |
Heraclonas | Byzantine Emperor | Byzantine Empire | 641–642† | Rhodes |
Zhongzong | Emperor of the Tang dynasty | Tang dynasty | 684–698 | Fang Prefecture Jun Prefecture |
Justinian II | Byzantine Emperor | Byzantine Empire | 695–702/703 | Cherson |
Eadwulf I | King of Northumbria | Northumbria | 705–717† | Dál Riata or Pictland |
Junnin | Emperor of Japan | Japan | 764–765† | Awaji Island, Hyōgo Prefecture |
Alhred | King of Northumbria | Northumbria | 774–unknown | Pictland |
Telerig | Khan of Bulgaria | Bulgaria | 777–777† | Byzantine Empire |
Æthelred I | King of Northumbria | Northumbria | 779–790 | |
Ecgberht | King of Wessex | Wessex | 789–802 | Frankish Empire |
Osred II | King of Northumbria | Northumbria | 790–792† | Isle of Man |
Osbald | King of Northumbria | Northumbria | 796–799† | Lindisfarne |
Eardwulf | King of Northumbria | Northumbria | 806–808 | Frankish Empire |
Irene of Athens | Byzantine Empress | Byzantine Empire | 802–803† | Lesbos |
Wiglaf | King of Mercia | Mercia | 829–830 | |
Theodora II | Byzantine Empress | Byzantine Empire | 857–867† | Gastria, Cyprus |
Yahya IV | Emir of Morocco | Morocco | 922–946† | Fatimid Caliphate |
Constantine Lekapenos | Byzantine Emperor | Byzantine Empire | 945–946/948† | Samothrace |
Hassan II | Sultan of Morocco | Morocco | 974–985† | Caliphate of Córdoba |
Otto Orseolo | Doge of Venice | Republic of Venice | 1026–1032† | Byzantine Empire |
Casimir I | Duke of Poland | Duchy of Poland | 1034–1039 | Kingdom of Hungary Holy Roman Empire |
Constantine IX Monomachos | Byzantine Emperor | Byzantine Empire | 1035–1042 | Lesbos |
Bagrat IV | King of Georgia | Kingdom of Georgia | 1050–1053 | Byzantine Empire |
Romanos IV Diogenes | Byzantine Emperor | Byzantine Empire | 1072–1072† | Proti |
Sultan Shah ibn Radwan | Sultan of Aleppo | Aleppo | 1118–after 1125† | |
Władysław II | High Duke of Poland Duke of Silesia | Duchy of Poland Duchy of Silesia | 1146–1159† | Altenburg |
Sutoku | Emperor of Japan | Japan | 1156–1164† | Sanuki Province, Shikoku |
Go-Toba | Emperor of Japan | Japan | 1221–1239† | Oki Province, Oki Islands |
Demetrius | King of Thessalonica | Kingdom of Thessalonica | 1224–1230† | Holy Roman Empire |
Mitso Asen | Tsar of Bulgaria | Bulgaria | 1257–before 1277/78† | Byzantine Empire |
Ivan Asen III | Tsar of Bulgaria | Bulgaria | 1280–1303† | Golden Horde |
George Terter I | Tsar of Bulgaria | Bulgaria | 1292–1301 | Byzantine Empire |
Al-Nasir Muhammad | Sultan of Egypt | Mamluk Sultanate | 1294–1299 | Al-Karak |
1309–1310 |
Ivan II | Tsar of Bulgaria | Bulgaria | 1300–before 1330† | Byzantine Empire |
Christopher II | King of Denmark | Denmark | 1326–1329 | Northern Germany |
Ivan Stefan | Tsar of Bulgaria | Bulgaria | 1331–1373† | Serbia Naples |
Go-Daigo | Emperor of Japan | Japan | 1331–1333 | Oki Province, Oki Islands |
David II | King of Scots | Scotland | 1333–1341 | France |
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman | Sultan of Morocco | Morocco | 1348–1351† | High Atlas |
Muhammad V | Sultan of Granada | Granada | 1359–1362 | Morocco |
Leo V | King of Armenia | Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia | 1375–1393† | Mamluk Sultanate Castile France |
Gongyang | King of Goryeo | Goryeo | 1392–1394† | Wonju, Joseon Samcheok, Joseon |
Min Saw Mon | King of Arakan | Kingdom of Mrauk U | 1406–1429 | Bengal Sultanate |
Constantine II | Tsar of Bulgaria | Tsardom of Vidin | 1422–1422† | Serbia |
Danjong | King of Joseon | Joseon | 1457–1457† | Yeongwol |
Muhammad XII | Sultan of Granada | Granada | 1492–1533† | Morocco |
Piero de' Medici | Lord of Florence | Florence | 1494–1503† | Venice Naples |
Eberhard II | Duke of Württemberg | Württemberg | 1498–1504† | Electoral Palatinate |
Yeonsangun | King of Joseon | Joseon | 1506–1506† | Ganghwa Island |
Tabariji | Sultan of Ternate | Sultanate of Ternate | 1535–1544 | Goa, Portuguese India |
Hairun | Sultan of Ternate | Sultanate of Ternate | 1544–1546 | Goa, Portuguese India |
Narapati IV | King of Ava | Kingdom of Ava | 1555–unknown | Pegu |
António I | King of Portugal | Kingdom of Portugal | 1580–1595† | France |
Saidi Berkat | Sultan of Ternate | Sultanate of Ternate | 1606–1628† | Spanish Philippines |
Rory O'Donnell | King of Tyrconnell | Tyrconnell | 1607–1608† | Spanish Netherlands Papal States |
Khalifeh Soltan | Grand Vizier of the Safavid Empire | Safavid Empire | 1632–1645 | Qom |
Ngarolamo | Sultan of Tidore | Sultanate of Tidore | 1634–1639† | Sultanate of Ternate |
Charles II | King of England and Ireland King of Scotland | England Scotland Ireland | 1651–1660 | France The Low Countries |
Zhu Youlang (Yongli Emperor) | Emperor of the Southern Ming | Southern Ming | 1661–1662† | Burma |
Govinda Manikya | Maharaja of Tripura | Twipra Kingdom | 1661–1667 | Chittagong Hill Tracts Kingdom of Mrauk U |
James II and VII | King of England and Ireland King of Scotland | England Scotland Ireland | 1688–1701† | France |
Chakdor Namgyal | King of Sikkim | Sikkim | 1700–1707 | Tibet |
Charles XII | King of Sweden | Sweden | 1709–1714 | Ottoman Empire |
Vakhtang VI | King of Kartli | Kingdom of Kartli | 1724–1737† | Russian Empire |
Theodore I | King of Corsica | Kingdom of Corsica | 1736–1756† | Dutch Republic Great Britain |
Pasquale Paoli | President of Corsica | Corsican Republic | 1769–1790 | Great Britain United Kingdom |
1795–1807† |
Chaophraya Nakhon (Nu) | King of Nakhon Si Thammarat | Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom | 1770–1776 | Thonburi Kingdom |
Şahin Giray | Khan of Crimea | Khanate of Crimea | 1783–1787† | Russian Empire Ottoman Empire |
Tenzing Namgyal | King of Sikkim | Sikkim | 1788–1793† | Tibet |
Louis XVIII | King of France | France | 1791–1814 | Prussia Great Britain Russia |
William I and VI | King of the Netherlands Grand Duke of Luxembourg Prince of Orange-Nassau | Netherlands Luxembourg | 1795–1813 | Great Britain Prussia |
Shah Shujah Durrani | Emir of Afghanistan | Durrani Empire | 1809–1839 | Punjab |
Cornelio Saavedra | President of the Primera Junta | United Provinces of the Río de la Plata | 1811–1815 | Chile |
Hamengkubuwono II | Sultan of Yogyakarta | Yogyakarta Sultanate | 1812–1815 | Penang |
1817–1826 | Ambon, Dutch East Indies |
Tenskwatawa | Leader of Tecumseh's Confederacy | Tecumseh's Confederacy | 1813–1824 | Canada |
Napoleon | Emperor of the French | France | 1814–1815 | Elba |
1815–1821† | Saint Helena |
Sri Vikrama Rajasinha | King of Kandy | Kingdom of Kandy | 1815–1832† | Vellore Fort, British India |
Baji Rao II | Peshwa | Maratha Confederacy | 1818–1851† | Bithur, British India |
Ahmad Tajuddin II | Sultan of Kedah | Kedah Sultanate | 1821–1842 | Penang Malacca |
Bernabé Aráoz | President of the Republic of Tucumán | Republic of Tucumán | 1823–1824 | Salta, Río de la Plata |
Agustín I | Emperor of Mexico | Mexico | 1823–1824 | Tuscany United Kingdom |
Charles X | King of France | France | 1830–1836† | United Kingdom Austrian Empire |
Louis XIX | 1830–1844† |
Henry V | 1830–1883† |
Charles II | Duke of Brunswick | Brunswick | 1830–1873† | United Kingdom France Switzerland |
Pakubuwono VI | Susuhunan of Surakarta | Surakarta Sunanate | 1830–1849† | Ambon, Dutch East Indies |
Miguel I | King of Portugal | Portugal | 1834–1847 | Papal States |
1847–1851 | United Kingdom |
1851–1866† | Baden |
Antonio López de Santa Anna | President of Mexico | Mexico | 1836–1837 | United States |
1845–1846 | Cuba |
1848–1853 | British Jamaica Colombia |
1855–1864 | Cuba Colombia St. Thomas United States |
1864–1867 | Cuba St. Thomas United States |
1867–1874 | Cuba Dominican Republic Bahamas |
Pratap Singh | Chhatrapati | Maratha Confederacy | 1839–1847† | Benares State, British India |
Joaquin Mora Fernandez | Head of State of Costa Rica | Costa Rica | 1839–1842 | Chile |
Dost Mohammad Khan | Emir of Afghanistan | Emirate of Afghanistan | 1840–1842 | Mussoorie |
Tomás Bobadilla | President of the Dominican Republic | Dominican Republic | 1844–1849 | |
1868–1871† | Puerto Rico Haiti |
Louis Philippe I | King of the French | France | 1848–1850† | United Kingdom |
Juan Manuel de Rosas | Governor of Buenos Aires | Argentina | 1852–1877† | United Kingdom |
Duleep Singh | Maharaja | Sikh Empire | 1854–1893† | United Kingdom |
Wajid Ali Shah | Nawab of Awadh | Oudh State | 1856–1887† | Metiabruz, Bengal Presidency |
Bahadur Shah II | Mughal Emperor | Mughal Empire | 1857–1862† | British Burma |
Birjis Qadr | Nawab of Awadh | Oudh State | 1858–1887 | Nepal |
Faustin I | Emperor of Haiti | Haiti | 1858–1867 | British Jamaica |
Bartolomé Calvo | President of the Granadine Confederation | Granadine Confederation | 1861–1876 | Puerto Rico Ecuador |
José Antonio Páez | President of Venezuela | Venezuela | 1863–1873† | United States |
George V | King of Hanover | Hanover | 1866–1878† | Austria France |
Napoleon III | Emperor of the French | France | 1871–1873† | United Kingdom |
Muhammad Khudayar Khan | Khan of Kokand | Khanate of Kokand | 1875–1886† | Russian Empire Emirate of Afghanistan |
Abdullah II | Sultan of Perak | Perak | 1876–1894 | British Mauritius (Seychelles) |
Michel Domingue | President of Haiti | Haiti | 1876–1877† | British Jamaica |
Ismail Pasha | Khedive of Egypt | Egypt | 1879–1895† | Italy Ottoman Empire |
Thibaw Min | King of Burma | Burma | 1885–1916† | British India |
Jaja | King of Opobo | Opobo | 1887–1891† | Gold Coast United Kingdom British Windward Islands |
Hàm Nghi | Emperor of Vietnam | Đại Nam | 1888–1943† | French Algeria |
Pedro II | Emperor of Brazil | Brazil | 1889–1891† | France |
Dinuzulu | King of the Zulu Nation | Zulu Kingdom | 1890–1897 | Saint Helena |
Yusuf Ali Kenadid | Sultan of Hobyo | Sultanate of Hobyo | 1890–1911† | Aden Protectorate Italian Eritrea |
Gungunhana | Emperor of Gaza | Gaza Empire | 1895–1906† | Portugal Azores, Portugal |
Khalid bin Barghash | Sultan of Zanzibar | Zanzibar | 1896–1927† | German East Africa British Mauritius (Seychelles) Saint Helena British East Africa |
Wobgho | Mogho Naba of Ouagadougou | Ouagadougou | 1897–1904† | Gold Coast |
Ranavalona III | Queen of Madagascar | Madagascar | 1897–1907† | Réunion French Algeria |
Ovonramwen | King of Benin | Benin | 1897–1914† | British Southern Nigeria |
Manuel Barillas | President of Guatemala | Guatemala | 1898–1907† | Mexico |
Paul Kruger | President of the South African Republic | Transvaal | 1900–1904† | Netherlands France Switzerland |
Francis William Reitz | President of the Orange Free State | Orange Free State | 1902–1907 | Netherlands |
Mussa Moloh | King of Fuladu | Fuladu | 1903–1931† | British Gambia British Sierra Leone |
Thành Thái | Emperor of Vietnam | French Annam | 1907–1954 | French Cochinchina Réunion |
Pierre Nord Alexis | President of Haiti | Haiti | 1908–1910† | British Jamaica United States |
Cipriano Castro | President of Venezuela | Venezuela | 1909–1924† | United States |
Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar | Shah of Iran | Iran | 1909–1925† | Russian Empire (1909–1920) Ottoman Empire (1920–1921) Italy (1921–1925) |
José Santos Zelaya | President of Nicaragua | Nicaragua | 1909–1919† | Spain United States |
Manuel II | King of Portugal | Portugal | 1910–1932† | Gibraltar United Kingdom |
Porfirio Díaz | President of Mexico | Mexico | 1911–1915† | Spain France |
Victoriano Huerta | President of Mexico | Mexico | 1914–1916† | United Kingdom Spain United States |
Guillermo Billinghurst | President of Peru | Peru | 1914–1915† | Chile |
Abbas II | Khedive of Egypt | Egypt | 1914–1944† | Ottoman Empire Italy Switzerland |
Muhammad Usman | Sultan of Ternate | Sultanate of Ternate | 1915–1932 | Java, Dutch East Indies |
Duy Tân | Emperor of Vietnam | French Annam | 1916–1945† | Réunion France French Equatorial Africa |
Alexander Kerensky | Prime Minister of Russia | Russia | 1917–1970† | France United States |
Constantine I | King of the Hellenes | Greece | 1917–1920 | Switzerland |
1922–1923† | Italy |
Ferdinand I | Tsar of Bulgaria | Bulgaria | 1918–1948† | Germany |
Wilhelm II | Emperor of Germany | Germany | 1918–1941† | Netherlands |
Nikola I | King of Montenegro | Montenegro | 1918–1921† | France |
Ludwig III | King of Bavaria | Bavaria | 1918–1918 | Austria |
1919–1920 | Hungary Liechtenstein Switzerland |
Marie-Adélaïde | Grand Duchess of Luxembourg | Luxembourg | 1919–1924† | Italy Germany |
Charles I and IV | Emperor of Austria King of Hungary | Austria-Hungary | 1919–1921 | Switzerland |
1921–1922† | Madeira, Portugal |
Francisco Bertrand | President of Honduras | Honduras | 1919–1926 | United States |
Symon Petliura | Chairman of the Directorate of Ukraine | Ukraine | 1920–1926 | Poland Hungary Switzerland France |
Sayid Abdullah | Khan of Khiva | Khanate of Khiva | 1920–1933† | Ukrainian SSR |
Mohamoud Ali Shire | Sultan of Warsengali | Warsangali Sultanate | 1920–1928 | British Seychelles |
Jameel Al-Madfaai | Prime Minister of Iraq | Iraq | 1920–1923 | Transjordan |
1941 |
Mahmud Barzanji | King of Kurdistan | Kurdistan | 1921–1922 | British India |
1932–1941 | Iraq (Nasiriyah) |
Carlos Herrera | President of Guatemala | Guatemala | 1921–1930† | France |
Akaki Chkhenkeli | Prime Minister of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic | Transcaucasia | 1921–1959† | France |
Noe Zhordania | Prime Minister of Georgia | Georgia | 1921–1953† | France |
Mehmed VI | Sultan of the Ottoman Empire | Ottoman Empire | 1922–1926† | Italy |
Mahammad Amin Rasulzade | President of the Azerbaijani National Council | Azerbaijan | 1922–1955† | Turkey |
Idris | Chief of the Senussi Order Emir of Cyrenaica Emir of Tripolitania | Italian Cyrenaica | 1922–1947 | Egypt |
King of Libya | Libya | 1969–1983† | Egypt |
Ahmad Shah Qajar | Shah of Iran | Iran | 1923–1930† | France |
Arturo Alessandri[2] | President of Chile | Chile | 1924–1925 | Italy |
George II | King of the Hellenes | Greece | 1924–1935 | Romania |
1941–1945 | Egypt United Kingdom |
Hussein bin Ali | King of Hejaz | Hejaz | 1925–1930 | British Cyprus |
Ali bin Hussein | King of Hejaz | Hejaz | 1925–1935† | Iraq |
Amanullah Khan | King of Afghanistan | Afghanistan | 1929–1960† | British India Italy |
Washington Luís[3] | President of Brazil | Brazil | 1930–1947 | Switzerland Portugal United States |
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo | President of Chile | Chile | 1931–1937 | Argentina |
Alfonso XIII | King of Spain | Spain | 1931–1941† | Italy |
Prajadhipok | King of Siam | Siam | 1935–1941† | United Kingdom |
Niceto Alcalá-Zamora | Prime Minister of Spain | Spain | 1936–1949† | France (1936–1942) Argentina (1942–1949) |
Haile Selassie I | Emperor of Ethiopia | Ethiopia | 1936–1941 | United Kingdom |
Juan Bautista Sacasa | President of Nicaragua | Nicaragua | 1936–1946† | United States |
Yasin al-Hashimi | Prime Minister of Iraq | Iraq | 1936–1937† | Lebanon |
Nuri al-Said | Prime Minister of Iraq | Iraq | 1936–1937 | Egypt |
1941 | Transjordan |
Edvard Beneš | President of Czechoslovakia | Czechoslovakia | 1938–1945 | United Kingdom |
Augustinas Voldemaras | Prime Minister of Lithuania | Lithuania | 1938–1939 | France |
1940–1942 | Soviet Union |
Manuel Azaña | Prime Minister of Spain | Spain | 1939–1940† | France |
Władysław Sikorski | Prime Minister of Poland | Poland | 1939–1943† | United Kingdom Gibraltar |
Haakon VII | King of Norway | Norway | 1940–1945 | United Kingdom |
Johan Nygaardsvold | Prime Minister of Norway | Norway | 1940–1945 | United Kingdom |
Charlotte | Grand Duchess of Luxembourg | Luxembourg | 1940–1945 | France Portugal United Kingdom United States Canada |
Wilhelmina | Queen of the Netherlands | Netherlands | 1940–1945 | United Kingdom |
Dirk Jan de Geer | Prime Minister of the Netherlands | Netherlands | 1940–1941 | United Kingdom |
Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy | 1940–1945 |
Hubert Pierlot | Prime Minister of Belgium | Belgium | 1940–1945 | United Kingdom |
Antanas Smetona | President of Lithuania | Lithuania | 1940–1944† | United States |
Eduardo Schaerer | President of Paraguay | Paraguay | 1940–1941† | Argentina |
Zog I | King of Albania | Albania | 1941–1961† | United Kingdom France |
Rezā Shāh | Shah of Iran | Iran | 1941–1944† | British Mauritius South Africa |
Emmanouil Tsouderos | Prime Minister of Greece | Greece | 1941–1944 | Egypt United Kingdom |
Sofoklis Venizelos | Prime Minister of Greece | Greece | 1944 | Egypt |
Georgios Papandreou | 1944–1945 |
Arnulfo Arias Madrid | President of Panama | Panama | 1941–1945, 1951–1960 | Latin America |
1968–1978, 1984–1988† | United States |
Moncef Bey | Bey of Tunis | Tunisia | 1943–1948† | French Algeria France |
Maximiliano Hernández Martínez | President of El Salvador | El Salvador | 1944–1966† | Honduras |
Jorge Ubico | President of Guatemala | Guatemala | 1944–1946† | United States |
Isaías Medina Angarita | President of Venezuela | Venezuela | 1945–1953† | United States |
Miklós Horthy | Regent of Hungary | Hungary | 1945–1957† | France (1945–1949) Portugal (1949–1957) |
Peter II | King of Yugoslavia | Yugoslavia | 1945–1970† | United States |
Victor Emmanuel III | King of Italy | Italy | 1946–1947† | Egypt |
Umberto II | King of Italy | Italy | 1946–1983† | Portugal Switzerland |
Simeon II | Tsar of Bulgaria | Bulgaria | 1946–1996 | Egypt Spain |
Leonardo Argüello Barreto | President of Nicaragua | Nicaragua | 1947–1947† | Mexico |
Pridi Banomyong | Prime Minister of Thailand | Thailand | 1947–1947 1948–1971 | Singapore China France |
Thawan Thamrongnawasawat | Prime Minister of Thailand | Thailand | 1947–1948 | Hong Kong |
Teodoro Picado Michalski | President of Costa Rica | Costa Rica | 1948–1960† | Nicaragua |
José Bustamante y Rivero | President of Peru | Peru | 1948–1955 | Argentina |
Rómulo Betancourt | President of Venezuela | Venezuela | 1948–1958 | United States Cuba Costa Rica |
Rómulo Gallegos | President of Venezuela | Venezuela | 1948–1958 | Cuba Mexico |
Michael I | King of Romania | Romania | 1948–1997 | United Kingdom Switzerland |
Sultan bin Salim Al Qasimi | Ruler of Ras Al Khaimah | Ras Al Khaimah | 1948–1951† | Sharjah |
Shukri al-Quwatli | President of Syria | Syria | 1949–1955 | Egypt |
Tribhuvan | King of Nepal | Nepal | 1950–1951 | India |
Carlos Prío Socarrás | President of Cuba | Cuba | 1952–1975† | United States |
Farouk | King of Egypt | Egypt | 1952–1965† | Monaco Italy |
Fuad II | 1952–present | Switzerland France |
Laureano Gómez | President of Colombia | Colombia | 1953–1959 | Spain |
Mohammed V | Sultan of Morocco | Morocco | 1953–1955 | France (1953–1954) Madagascar (1954–1955) |
Fawzi Selu | President of Syria Prime Minister of Syria | Syria | 1954–early 1960s | Saudi Arabia |
Husni al-Barazi | Prime Minister of Syria | Syria | 1954–1975† | Lebanon Turkey |
Adib Shishakli | President of Syria Prime Minister of Syria | Syria | 1954–1964† | Lebanon Brazil |
Jacobo Árbenz | President of Guatemala | Guatemala | 1954–1971† | France Czechoslovakia Soviet Union Uruguay (1957–1960) Cuba (1960–1965) Mexico (1965–1971) |
Juan Perón | President of Argentina | Argentina | 1955–1973 | Venezuela (1955–1958) Spain (1958–1973) |
Mohammed Ben Aarafa | Sultan of Morocco | Morocco | 1955–1976† | Tangier France Lebanon France |
Bảo Đại | Emperor of Vietnam | Vietnam | 1955–1997† | France Monaco |
Paul Magloire | President of Haiti | Haiti | 1956–1986 | United States |
Imre Nagy | Prime Minister of Hungary | Hungary | 1956–1957 | Yugoslavia (embassy) Romania |
Plaek Phibunsongkhram | Prime Minister of Thailand | Thailand | 1957–1964† | Cambodia Japan |
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla | President of Colombia | Colombia | 1957–1958 | Spain or Dominican Republic |
Iskander Mirza | President of Pakistan | Pakistan | 1958–1969† | United Kingdom |
Marcos Pérez Jiménez | President of Venezuela | Venezuela | 1958–1963 | United States |
1968–2001† | Spain |
Tenzin Gyatso | 14th Dalai Lama | Tibet | 1959–present | India |
Ghalib al-Hinai | Imam of Oman | Imamate of Oman | 1959–2009† | Saudi Arabia |
Fulgencio Batista | President of Cuba | Cuba | 1959–1973† | Portugal Spain |
Anselmo Alliegro y Milá | President of Cuba | Cuba | 1959–1961† | United States |
Andrés Domingo y Morales del Castillo | President of Cuba | Cuba | 1959–1979† | Dominican Republic Portugal United States |
Syngman Rhee | President of South Korea | South Korea | 1960–1965† | United States |
Kigeli V | King of Rwanda | Rwanda | 1961–2016† | Tanganyika Uganda Kenya United States |
Joaquín Balaguer | President of the Dominican Republic | Dominican Republic | 1962–1966 | United States |
Manuel Prado Ugarteche | President of Peru | Peru | 1962–1967† | France |
Albert Kalonji | Mulopwe | South Kasai | 1962–1964 | Spain |
1965–? | Unknown |
1997–2005 | France |
Moïse Tshombe | President of Katanga | Katanga | 1963–1964 | Northern Rhodesia Spain |
Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo | DR Congo | 1965–1969† | Spain Algeria |
Juan Bosch | President of the Dominican Republic | Dominican Republic | 1963–1966 | Puerto Rico |
Abdullah Afeef | President of the United Suvadive Republic | United Suvadive Republic | 1963–1993† | Seychelles |
Nazim al-Qudsi | President of Syria | Syria | 1963–1998† | Lebanon Europe Jordan |
Khalid al-Azm | Prime Minister of Syria | Syria | 1963–1965† | Lebanon |
Maamun al-Kuzbari | Prime Minister of Syria | Syria | 1963–1998† | France Morocco Lebanon |
Maarouf al-Dawalibi | Prime Minister of Syria | Syria | 1963–2004† | Lebanon Saudi Arabia |
Jamshid bin Abdullah | Sultan of Zanzibar | Zanzibar | 1964–present | United Kingdom Oman |
Juscelino Kubitschek | President of Brazil | Brazil | 1964–1967 | United States |
Víctor Paz Estenssoro | President of Bolivia | Bolivia | 1964–1978 | Peru |
1980–1982 |
Saud | King of Saudi Arabia | Saudi Arabia | 1964–1969† | Switzerland Egypt Greece |
João Goulart | President of Brazil | Brazil | 1964–1976† | Uruguay (1964–1973) Argentina (1973–1976) |
Mohamed Boudiaf | Chairman of the High Council of State | Algeria | 1964–1992 | Morocco (Kenitra) |
Fulbert Youlou | President of the Republic of Congo | Republic of Congo | 1965–1972† | Democratic Republic of the Congo Spain |
Nguyễn Khánh | Prime Minister of South Vietnam | South Vietnam | 1965–2013† | France United States |
Saqr bin Sultan Al Qasimi | Ruler of Sharjah | Sharjah | 1965–1972 | Bahrain Egypt |
Mutesa II | President of Uganda Kabaka of Buganda | Uganda | 1966–1969† | United Kingdom |
Kwame Nkrumah | President of Ghana | Ghana | 1966–1972† | Guinea (1966–1971) Romania (1971–1972) |
Mwambutsa IV | King of Burundi | Burundi | 1966–1977† | Republic of the Congo Switzerland |
Ntare V | King of Burundi | Burundi | 1966–1972 | West Germany Uganda |
Shakhbut bin Sultan Al Nahyan | Ruler of Abu Dhabi | Abu Dhabi | 1966–1970 | Iran |
Amin al-Hafiz | President of Syria | Syria | 1966–2003 | Lebanon Iraq |
Salah al-Din al-Bitar | Prime Minister of Syria | Syria | 1966–1980† | Lebanon France |
Constantine II | King of the Hellenes | Greece | 1967–2013 | Italy United Kingdom |
Fernando Belaúnde Terry | President of Peru | Peru | 1968–1980 | United States |
Abd ar-Razzaq an-Naif | Prime Minister of Iraq | Iraq | 1968–1978† | Switzerland United Kingdom Jordan |
Muhammad al-Badr | King of Yemen | Yemen | 1969–1996† | Saudi Arabia United Kingdom |
Norodom Sihanouk | Prime Minister of Cambodia | Cambodia | 1970–1993 | China North Korea |
Said bin Taimur | Sultan of Oman | Oman | 1970–1972† | United Kingdom |
Moshoeshoe II | King of Lesotho | Lesotho | 1970–1970 | Netherlands |
1990–1992 | United Kingdom |
Milton Obote | President of Uganda | Uganda | 1971–1979 | Tanzania |
1985–2005† | Zambia |
Ahmad bin Ali Al Thani | Emir of Qatar | Qatar | 1972–1977† | Dubai, United Arab Emirates |
Son Ngoc Thanh | Prime Minister of the Khmer Republic | Cambodia | 1972–1977† | South Vietnam Vietnam |
Mohammed Zahir Shah | King of Afghanistan | Afghanistan | 1973–2002 | Italy |
Thanom Kittikachorn | Prime Minister of Thailand | Thailand | 1973–1976 | United States Singapore |
Américo Tomás | President of Portugal | Portugal | 1974–1980 | Brazil |
Marcello Caetano | Prime Minister of Portugal | Portugal | 1974–1980† | Brazil |
António de Spínola | President of Portugal | Portugal | 1974–1976† | Brazil |
Cheng Heng | President of the Khmer Republic | Cambodia | 1975–1992 | United States |
Lon Nol | President of the Khmer Republic | Cambodia | 1975–1985† | United States |
In Tam | Prime Minister of the Khmer Republic | Cambodia | 1975–2006† | United States |
Nguyễn Văn Thiệu | President of South Vietnam | South Vietnam | 1975–2001† | United Kingdom United States |
Nguyễn Bá Cẩn | Prime Minister of South Vietnam | South Vietnam | 1975–2009† | United States |
Boun Oum | Prime Minister of Laos | Laos | 1975–1980† | France |
Alimirah Hanfare | Sultan of Aussa | Aussa Sultanate | 1975–1991 | Saudi Arabia |
Abdurrahim El-Keib | Prime Minister of Libya | Libya | 1976–2011 | United States |
Michel Micombero | President of Burundi | Burundi | 1976–1983† | Somalia |
James Mancham | President of the Seychelles | Seychelles | 1977–1992 | United Kingdom |
Abdul Hamid Bakkush | Prime Minister of Libya | Libya | 1977–2007† | Egypt |
Ange-Félix Patassé | Prime Minister of the Central African Empire | Central African Empire | 1978–1979 | France |
Central African Republic | 1980–1981 | Chad |
1982–1992 | Togo |
President of the Central African Republic | 2003–2009 | Togo |
Jafar Sharif-Emami | Prime Minister of Iran | Iran | 1978–1998† | United States |
Gholam Reza Azhari | Prime Minister of Iran | Iran | 1978–2001† | United States |
Ali Amini | Prime Minister of Iran | Iran | 1979–1992† | France |
Shapour Bakhtiar | Prime Minister of Iran | Iran | 1979–1991† | France |
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi | Shah of Iran | Iran | 1979–1980† | Egypt Morocco Bahamas Mexico United States Panama Egypt |
Idi Amin | President of Uganda | Uganda | 1979–2003† | Libya (1979–1980) Saudi Arabia (1980–2003) |
Jean-Bédel Bokassa (Bokassa I) | Emperor of Central Africa | Central African Empire | 1979–1986 | Ivory Coast (1979–1983) France (1983–1986) |
Fred Degazon | President of Dominica | Dominica | 1979–2008† | United Kingdom |
Félix Malloum | President of Chad | Chad | 1979–2002 | Nigeria |
Moktar Ould Daddah | President of Mauritania | Mauritania | 1979–2001 | France |
Anastasio Somoza Debayle | President of Nicaragua | Nicaragua | 1979–1980† | Paraguay |
Pascal Lissouba | Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo | Republic of Congo | 1979–1990 | France |
President of the Republic of Congo | 1997–2020† | United Kingdom (1997–2004) France (2004–2020) |
Ahmed Ben Bella | President of Algeria | Algeria | 1980–1990 | Switzerland |
Luís Cabral | President of Guinea-Bissau | Guinea-Bissau | 1980–2009† | Cuba (1980–1984) Portugal (1984–2009) |
Johan Ferrier | President of Suriname | Suriname | 1980–2010† | Netherlands |
Ali Zeidan | Prime Minister of Libya | Libya | 1980–2012 | India Switzerland Germany |
Isabel Perón | President of Argentina | Argentina | 1981–present | Spain |
Abolhassan Banisadr | President of Iran | Iran | 1981–2021† | France |
Yusuf Zuayyin | Prime Minister of Syria | Syria | 1981–2016† | United Kingdom Hungary Sweden |
Luis García Meza | President of Bolivia | Bolivia | 1981–1995 | Brazil |
Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond | First State Commissioner of Zaire | Zaire | 1981–1985 | Belgium |
Prime Minister of Zaire | 1996–2003 | South Africa |
Hendrick Chin A Sen | President of Suriname | Suriname | 1982–1995 | United States Netherlands |
Dương Văn Minh | President of South Vietnam | South Vietnam | 1983–2001† | France United States |
Jules Sedney | Prime Minister of Suriname | Suriname | 1983–1987 | Netherlands |
Ahmadou Ahidjo | President of Cameroon | Cameroon | 1983–1989† | France Senegal |
Nguyễn Văn Lộc | Prime Minister of South Vietnam | South Vietnam | 1983–1992† | Singapore United States France |
Benazir Bhutto | Prime Minister of Pakistan | Pakistan | 1984–1987 | United Kingdom |
1999–2007 | United Arab Emirates |
Gaafar Nimeiry | President of Sudan | Sudan | 1985–1999 | Egypt |
Goukouni Oueddei | President of Chad | Chad | 1985–2007 | Libya Algeria |
Saeb Salam | Prime Minister of Lebanon | Lebanon | 1985–1994 | Switzerland |
Jean-Claude Duvalier | President of Haiti | Haiti | 1986–2011 | France |
Ferdinand Marcos | President of the Philippines | Philippines | 1986–1989† | United States |
Tito Okello | President of Uganda | Uganda | 1986–1993 | Kenya |
Jean-Baptiste Bagaza | President of Burundi | Burundi | 1987–1993 | Libya |
1998–2002 | Uganda |
Henri Namphy | President of Haiti | Haiti | 1988–2018† | Dominican Republic |
Ahmed al-Mirghani | President of Sudan | Sudan | 1989–2001 | Egypt |
Alfredo Stroessner | President of Paraguay | Paraguay | 1989–2006† | Brazil |
Erich Honecker | General Secretary | East Germany | 1989–1994† | Soviet Union (1989–1991) Russia (1991–1993) Chile (1992–1994) |
Hissène Habré | President of Chad | Chad | 1990–2021† | Senegal |
Jabir III al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah | Emir of Kuwait | Kuwait | 1990–1991 | Saudi Arabia |
Michel Aoun | President of Lebanon | Lebanon | 1990–2005 | France |
Amine Gemayel | President of Lebanon | Lebanon | 1990–2000 | Switzerland France United States |
Jean-Bertrand Aristide | President of Haiti | Haiti | 1991–1994 | Venezuela United States |
2004–2011 | Jamaica (2004) South Africa (2004–2011) |
Siad Barre | President of Somalia | Somalia | 1991–1995† | Kenya (1991) Nigeria (1991–1995) |
Chatichai Choonhavan | Prime Minister of Thailand | Thailand | 1991–1992 | United Kingdom |
Mengistu Haile Mariam | President of Ethiopia | Ethiopia | 1991–present | Zimbabwe |
Sultan Ali Keshtmand | Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Afghanistan | Afghanistan | 1991–present | Russia United Kingdom |
Alan García | President of Peru | Peru | 1992–2001 | Colombia France |
Ayaz Mutallibov | President of Azerbaijan | Azerbaijan | 1992–2012 | Russia |
Mohammad Najibullah | President of Afghanistan | Afghanistan | 1992–1996† | United Nations (mission) |
Joseph Saidu Momoh | President of Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone | 1992–2003† | Guinea |
Jorge Serrano Elías | President of Guatemala | Guatemala | 1993–present | Panama |
Didier Ratsiraka | President of Madagascar | Madagascar | 1993–1996 | France |
2002–2011 | France |
Théodore Sindikubwabo | President of Rwanda | Rwanda | 1994–1998† | Zaire |
Dawda Jawara | President of the Gambia | Gambia | 1994–2002 | Senegal United Kingdom |
Abdumalik Abdullajanov | Prime Minister of Tajikistan | Tajikistan | 1994–present | Russia United States |
Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani | Emir of Qatar | Qatar | 1995–2004 | France |
Carlos Salinas de Gortari | President of Mexico | Mexico | 1995–1999 | United States Ireland |
Faustin Twagiramungu | Prime Minister of Rwanda | Rwanda | 1995–2003 2003–2023† | Belgium |
Sylvestre Ntibantunganya | President of Burundi | Burundi | 1996–1997 | United States (embassy) |
Valentine Strasser | Head of State of Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone | 1996–2000 | United Kingdom |
Burhanuddin Rabbani | President of Afghanistan | Afghanistan | 1996–2001 | Northern Alliance |
Abdalá Bucaram | President of Ecuador | Ecuador | 1997–2017 | Panama |
Ahmad Tejan Kabbah | President of Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone | 1997–1998 | Guinea |
Mobutu Sese Seko | President of Zaire | Zaire | 1997–1997† | Togo Morocco |
Akezhan Kazhegeldin | Prime Minister of Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan | 1997–present | United Kingdom |
Joachim Yhombi-Opango | President of the Republic of Congo | Republic of Congo | 1997–2007 | Benin Ivory Coast France |
Norodom Ranariddh | Prime Minister of Cambodia | Cambodia | 1997–1998 | Philippines Singapore Indonesia |
2007–2008 | Malaysia |
Nawaz Sharif | Prime Minister of Pakistan | Pakistan | 1999–2007 | Saudi Arabia United Kingdom |
2019–2023 | United Kingdom[4] |
Henri Konan Bédié | President of Ivory Coast | Ivory Coast | 1999–2001 | Togo France |
João Bernardo Vieira | President of Guinea-Bissau | Guinea-Bissau | 1999–2005 | Portugal |
Jamil Mahuad | President of Ecuador | Ecuador | 2000–present | United States |
Pierre-Célestin Rwigema | Prime Minister of Rwanda | Rwanda | 2000–2011 | United States |
Alberto Fujimori | President of Peru | Peru | 2000–2007 | Japan (2000–2005) Chile (2005–2007) |
André Kolingba | President of the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | 2001–2003 | Uganda |
2003–2010† | France |
Mullah Omar | Supreme Leader of Afghanistan | Afghanistan | 2001–2013† | Zabul Province, Afghanistan (in hiding)[5] |
Abdul Kabir | Acting Prime Minister of Afghanistan | Afghanistan | 2001–2021 | Pakistan[6] |
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada | President of Bolivia | Bolivia | 2003–present | United States |
Charles Taylor | President of Liberia | Liberia | 2003–2006 | Nigeria |
Martin Ziguélé | Prime Minister of the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | 2003–2005 | France |
Jean-Paul Ngoupandé | Prime Minister of the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | 2003–2005 | France |
Gustavo Noboa[7] | President of Ecuador | Ecuador | 2003–2005 | Dominican Republic |
Norodom Sihanouk | King of Cambodia | Cambodia | 2004–2012† | China North Korea |
Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya | President of Mauritania | Mauritania | 2005–present | Gambia (2005) Qatar (2005–present) |
Lucio Gutiérrez | President of Ecuador | Ecuador | 2005–2005 | Brazil Peru United States |
Askar Akayev | President of Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyzstan | 2005–present | Russia |
Nikolai Tanayev | Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyzstan | 2005–2020† | Russia |
Thaksin Shinawatra | Prime Minister of Thailand | Thailand | 2006–2008 2008–2023 | United States United Kingdom Singapore China Hong Kong Cambodia United Arab Emirates |
Pervez Musharraf | President of Pakistan | Pakistan | 2008–2013 2016–2023† | United Arab Emirates |
Marc Ravalomanana | President of Madagascar | Madagascar | 2009–2014 | Swaziland (2009) South Africa (2009–2014) |
Manuel Zelaya | President of Honduras | Honduras | 2009–2011 | Costa Rica (2009) Dominican Republic (2010–2011) |
Kurmanbek Bakiyev | President of Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyzstan | 2010–present | Belarus |
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali | President of Tunisia | Tunisia | 2011–2019† | Saudi Arabia |
Amadou Toumani Touré | President of Mali | Mali | 2012–2017 | Senegal |
François Bozizé | President of the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | 2013–2019 | Cameroon |
Michel Djotodia | President of the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | 2014–2020 | Benin |
Tom Thabane | Prime Minister of Lesotho | Lesotho | August–September 2014 | South Africa |
Viktor Yanukovych | President of Ukraine | Ukraine | 2014–present | Russia |
Mykola Azarov | Prime Minister of Ukraine | Ukraine | 2014–present | Russia |
Mikheil Saakashvili | President of Georgia | Georgia | 2014–2021 | United States Ukraine Netherlands Ukraine |
Mauricio Funes | President of El Salvador | El Salvador | 2014–present | Nicaragua |
Blaise Compaoré | President of Burkina Faso | Burkina Faso | 2014–present | Ivory Coast Morocco |
Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi | President of Yemen | Yemen | 2015–present[note 1] | Saudi Arabia |
Yahya Jammeh | President of the Gambia | Gambia | 2017–present | Equatorial Guinea |
Rafael Correa | President of Ecuador | Ecuador | 2017–present | Belgium |
Yingluck Shinawatra | Prime Minister of Thailand | Thailand | 2017–present | Singapore United Kingdom United Arab Emirates |
Evo Morales | President of Bolivia | Bolivia | 2019–2020 | Mexico Argentina |
Guillaume Soro | Prime Minister of Ivory Coast | Ivory Coast | 2019–present | France Belgium United Arab Emirates |
Ashraf Ghani | President of Afghanistan | Afghanistan | 2021–present | United Arab Emirates |
Gotabaya Rajapaksa | President of Sri Lanka | Sri Lanka | July–September 2022 | Maldives Singapore Thailand |
Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba | Interim President of Burkina Faso | Burkina Faso | 2022–present | Togo |
Succès Masra | Prime Minister of Chad | Chad | 2022–2023 | United States |
Jair Bolsonaro | President of Brazil | Brazil | 2022–2023[8][9] | United States |
Ernest Bai Koroma | President of Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone | 2024–present | Nigeria |