39th United States Congress

Legislative branch of the U.S. federal government from March 4, 1865 to March 4, 1867
39th United States Congress
38th ←
→ 40th
United States Capitol (1877)

March 4, 1865 – March 4, 1867
Members54 senators
193 representatives
9 non-voting delegates
Senate majorityRepublican
Senate PresidentAndrew Johnson (D)
(until April 15, 1865)
Vacant
(from April 15, 1865)
House majorityRepublican
House SpeakerSchuyler Colfax (R)
Sessions
Special: March 4, 1865 – March 11, 1865
1st: December 4, 1865 – July 28, 1866
2nd: December 3, 1866 – March 4, 1867

The 39th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1865, to March 4, 1867, during Abraham Lincoln's final month as president, and the first two years of the administration of his successor, Andrew Johnson.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1860 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

Major events

Major legislation

  • April 9, 1866: Civil Rights Act of 1866, Sess. 1, ch. 31, 14 Stat. 27
  • July 16, 1866: Freedmen's Bureau Bill, Sess. 1, ch. 200, 14 Stat. 173
  • July 23, 1866: Judicial Circuits Act, Sess. 1, ch. 210, 14 Stat. 209, reduced the number of United States circuit courts to nine and the number of Supreme Court justices to seven
  • July 23, 1866: District of Columbia Public Schools Act ("An Act relating to Public Schools in the District of Columbia"), Sess. 1, ch. 217, 14 Stat. 216
  • July 25, 1866: An Act to revive the grade of General in the United States Army, Sess. 1, ch. 232, 14 Stat. 223, (now called "4-star general"); Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant became the first to have this rank.
  • July 28, 1866: Metric Act of 1866, Sess. 1, ch. 301, 14 Stat. 339, legalized the use of the metric system for weights and measures in the United States.
  • July 28, 1866: Washington City Colored Schools Lots Donation Act ("An Act donating certain Lots in the City of Washington for Schools for Colored Children in the District of Columbia"), Sess. 1, ch. 308, 14 Stat. 343
  • March 2, 1867: Reconstruction Act, ch. 153, 14 Stat. 428 established five military districts, each headed by a general, in ten states of the former Confederate South (Tennessee excepted), and stipulates conditions for re-admission of these States into the Union.
  • March 2, 1867: Tenure of Office Act, ch. 154, 14 Stat. 430 required the president to obtain the Senate's advice and consent to suspend or dismiss certain federal public officials (notably cabinet officers). Violation of this act will lead to the impeachment of Andrew Johnson by the next (40th) Congress in 1868.

Constitutional amendments

States admitted

  • July 24, 1866: Tennessee readmitted to representation.
  • March 1, 1867: Nebraska admitted as the 37th state, sess. 2, ch. 36, 14 Stat. 391 (over president's veto)

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

During this Congress, two seats were added for the new state of Nebraska.

Party
(shading shows control)
Total Vacant
Democratic
(D)
Republican
(R)
Unionist
(U)
Unconditional
Unionist
(UU)
End of previous congress 10 33 3 4 50 22
Begin 9 37 1 1 48 24
End 8 41 3 2 5420
Final voting share 14.8% 75.9% 5.6% 3.7%
Beginning of next congress 8 45 0 0 53 21

House of Representatives

During this Congress, one seat was added for the new state of Nebraska.

Party
(shading shows control)
Total Vacant
Democratic
(D)
Republican
(R)
Independent
Republican
(IR)
Unionist
(U)
Unconditional
Unionist
(UU)
Other
End of previous congress 72 84 2 9 16 0 183 56
Begin 40 132 1 0 10 0 183 59
End 39 135 4 13 19251
Final voting share 20.3% 70.3% 0.5% 2.1% 6.8% 0.0%
Beginning of next congress 45 140 1 0 0 2[a] 188 55

Leadership

President of the Senate
Andrew Johnson, until April 15, 1865

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 39th Congress in March 1865. Green stripes represent Unionists and gray stripes represent Unconditional Unionists. The senators from Nebraska and Tennessee were not seated until later in the Congress.
  2 Democrats
  1 Democrat and 1 Republican
  2 Republicans
  2 Unionists
  Territories

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1868; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1870; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1866.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Alabama

2. Vacant
3. Vacant

Arkansas

2. Vacant
3. Vacant

California

1. John Conness (R)
3. James A. McDougall (D)

Connecticut

1. James Dixon (R)
3. Lafayette S. Foster (R)

Delaware

1. George Read Riddle (D)
2. Willard Saulsbury Sr. (D)

Florida

1. Vacant
3. Vacant

Georgia

2. Vacant
3. Vacant

Illinois

2. Richard Yates (R)
3. Lyman Trumbull (R)

Indiana

1. Thomas A. Hendricks (D)
3. Henry S. Lane (R)

Iowa

2. James W. Grimes (R)
3. James Harlan (R), until May 15, 1865
Samuel J. Kirkwood (R), from January 13, 1866

Kansas

2. Jim Lane (R), until July 11, 1866
Edmund G. Ross (R), from July 19, 1866
3. Samuel C. Pomeroy (R)

Kentucky

2. James Guthrie (D)
3. Garrett Davis (U)

Louisiana

2. Vacant
3. Vacant

Maine

1. Lot M. Morrill (R)
2. William P. Fessenden (R)

Maryland

1. Reverdy Johnson (D)
3. John A. J. Creswell (UU), from March 9, 1865

Massachusetts

1. Charles Sumner (R)
2. Henry Wilson (R)

Michigan

1. Zachariah Chandler (R)
2. Jacob M. Howard (R)

Minnesota

1. Alexander Ramsey (R)
2. Daniel S. Norton (R)

Mississippi

1. Vacant
2. Vacant

Missouri

1. John B. Henderson (R)
3. B. Gratz Brown (R)

Nebraska

1. Thomas Tipton (R), from March 1, 1867 (newly admitted state)
2. John M. Thayer (R), from March 1, 1867 (newly admitted state)

Nevada

1. William M. Stewart (R)
3. James W. Nye (R)

New Hampshire

2. Aaron H. Cragin (R)
3. Daniel Clark (R), until July 27, 1866
George G. Fogg (R), from August 31, 1866

New Jersey

1. William Wright (D), until November 1, 1866
Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R), from November 12, 1866
2. John P. Stockton (D), March 15, 1865 – March 27, 1866
Alexander G. Cattell (R), from September 19, 1866

New York

3. Ira Harris (R)
1. Edwin D. Morgan (R)

North Carolina

2. Vacant
3. Vacant

Ohio

1. Benjamin F. Wade (R)
3. John Sherman (R)

Oregon

2. George H. Williams (R)
3. James W. Nesmith (D)

Pennsylvania

1. Charles R. Buckalew (D)
3. Edgar Cowan (R)

Rhode Island

1. William Sprague IV (R)
2. Henry B. Anthony (R)

South Carolina

2. Vacant
3. Vacant

Tennessee

1. David T. Patterson (U), from July 28, 1866
2. Joseph S. Fowler (U), from July 24, 1866

Texas

1. Vacant
2. Vacant

Vermont

1. Solomon Foot (R), until March 28, 1866
George F. Edmunds (R), from April 3, 1866
3. Jacob Collamer (R), until November 9, 1865
Luke P. Poland (R), from November 21, 1865

Virginia

1. Vacant
2. Vacant

West Virginia

1. Peter G. Van Winkle (UU)
2. Waitman T. Willey (R)

Wisconsin

1. James R. Doolittle (R)
3. Timothy O. Howe (R)
Senate President pro tempore
Lafayette S. Foster, until March 2, 1867
Senate President pro tempore
Benjamin F. Wade, from March 2, 1867

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Alabama

1. Vacant
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
4. Vacant
5. Vacant
6. Vacant

Arkansas

1. Vacant
2. Vacant
3. Vacant

California

(3 Republicans)

1. Donald C. McRuer (R)
2. William Higby (R)
3. John Bidwell (R)

Connecticut

(4 Republicans)

1. Henry C. Deming (R)
2. Samuel L. Warner (R)
3. Augustus Brandegee (R)
4. John H. Hubbard (R)

Delaware

(1 Democrat)

At-large. John A. Nicholson (D)

Florida

At-large. Vacant

Georgia

1. Vacant
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
4. Vacant
5. Vacant
6. Vacant
7. Vacant

Illinois

(11–3 Republican)

1. John Wentworth (R)
2. John F. Farnsworth (R)
3. Elihu B. Washburne (R)
4. Abner C. Harding (R)
5. Ebon C. Ingersoll (R)
6. Burton C. Cook (R)
7. Henry P. H. Bromwell (R)
8. Shelby M. Cullom (R)
9. Lewis W. Ross (D)
10. Anthony Thornton (D)
11. Samuel S. Marshall (D)
12. Jehu Baker (R)
13. Andrew J. Kuykendall (R)
At-large. Samuel W. Moulton (R)

Indiana

(8–3 Republican)

1. William E. Niblack (D)
2. Michael C. Kerr (D)
3. Ralph Hill (R)
4. John H. Farquhar (R)
5. George W. Julian (R)
6. Ebenezer Dumont (R)
7. Daniel W. Voorhees (D), until February 23, 1866
Henry D. Washburn (R), from February 23, 1866
8. Godlove S. Orth (R)
9. Schuyler Colfax (R)
10. Joseph H. Defrees (R)
11. Thomas N. Stilwell (R)

Iowa

(6 Republicans)

1. James F. Wilson (R)
2. Hiram Price (R)
3. William B. Allison (R)
4. Josiah B. Grinnell (R)
5. John A. Kasson (R)
6. Asahel W. Hubbard (R)

Kansas

(1 Republican)

At-large. Sidney Clarke (R)

Kentucky

(5–4 Democratic)

1. Lawrence S. Trimble (D)
2. Burwell C. Ritter (D)
3. Henry Grider (D), until September 7, 1866
Elijah Hise (D), from December 3, 1866
4. Aaron Harding (D)
5. Lovell H. Rousseau (UU), until July 21, 1866, and from December 3, 1866
6. Green C. Smith (UU), until July ??, 1866
Andrew H. Ward (D), from December 3, 1866
7. George S. Shanklin (D)
8. William H. Randall (UU)
9. Samuel McKee (UU)

Louisiana

1. Vacant
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
4. Vacant
5. Vacant

Maine

(5 Republicans)

1. John Lynch (R)
2. Sidney Perham (R)
3. James G. Blaine (R)
4. John H. Rice (R)
5. Frederick A. Pike (R)

Maryland

(3–2 Unconditional Unionist)

1. Hiram McCullough (D)
2. Edwin H. Webster (UU), until July ??, 1865
John L. Thomas Jr. (UU), from December 4, 1865
3. Charles E. Phelps (UU)
4. Francis Thomas (UU)
5. Benjamin G. Harris (D)

Massachusetts

(10 Republicans)

1. Thomas D. Eliot (R)
2. Oakes Ames (R)
3. Alexander H. Rice (R)
4. Samuel Hooper (R)
5. John B. Alley (R)
6. Daniel W. Gooch (R), until September 1, 1865
Nathaniel P. Banks (R), from December 4, 1865
7. George S. Boutwell (R)
8. John D. Baldwin (R)
9. William B. Washburn (R)
10. Henry L. Dawes (R)

Michigan

(6 Republicans)

1. Fernando C. Beaman (R)
2. Charles Upson (R)
3. John W. Longyear (R)
4. Thomas W. Ferry (R)
5. Rowland E. Trowbridge (R)
6. John F. Driggs (R)

Minnesota

(2 Republicans)

1. William Windom (R)
2. Ignatius L. Donnelly (R)

Mississippi

1. Vacant
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
4. Vacant
5. Vacant

Missouri

(8–1 Republican)

1. John Hogan (D)
2. Henry T. Blow (R)
3. Thomas E. Noell (R)
4. John R. Kelso (IR)
5. Joseph W. McClurg (R)
6. Robert T. Van Horn (R)
7. Benjamin F. Loan (R)
8. John F. Benjamin (R)
9. George W. Anderson (R)

Nebraska

(1 Republican)

At-large. Turner M. Marquette (R), from March 2, 1867 (newly admitted state)

Nevada

(1 Republican)

At-large. Delos R. Ashley (R)

New Hampshire

(3 Republicans)

1. Gilman Marston (R)
2. Edward H. Rollins (R)
3. James W. Patterson (R)

New Jersey

(3–2 Democratic)

1. John F. Starr (R)
2. William A. Newell (R)
3. Charles Sitgreaves (D)
4. Andrew J. Rogers (D)
5. Edwin R. V. Wright (D)

New York

(20–11 Republican)

1. Stephen Taber (D)
2. Teunis G. Bergen (D)
3. James Humphrey (R), until June 16, 1866
John W. Hunter (D), from December 4, 1866
4. Morgan Jones (D)
5. Nelson Taylor (D)
6. Henry J. Raymond (R)
7. John W. Chanler (D)
8. James Brooks (D), until April 7, 1866
William E. Dodge (R), from April 7, 1866
9. William A. Darling (R)
10. William Radford (D)
11. Charles H. Winfield (D)
12. John H. Ketcham (R)
13. Edwin N. Hubbell (D)
14. Charles Goodyear (D)
15. John Augustus Griswold (R)
16. Orlando Kellogg (R), until August 24, 1865
Robert S. Hale (R), from December 3, 1865
17. Calvin T. Hulburd (R)
18. James M. Marvin (R)
19. Demas Hubbard Jr. (R)
20. Addison H. Laflin (R)
21. Roscoe Conkling (R)
22. Sidney T. Holmes (R)
23. Thomas T. Davis (R)
24. Theodore M. Pomeroy (R)
25. Daniel Morris (R)
26. Giles W. Hotchkiss (R)
27. Hamilton Ward Sr. (R)
28. Roswell Hart (R)
29. Burt Van Horn (R)
30. James M. Humphrey (D)
31. Henry H. Van Aernam (R)

North Carolina

1. Vacant
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
4. Vacant
5. Vacant
6. Vacant
7. Vacant

Ohio

(17–2 Republican)

1. Benjamin Eggleston (R)
2. Rutherford B. Hayes (R)
3. Robert C. Schenck (R)
4. William Lawrence (R)
5. Francis C. Le Blond (D)
6. Reader W. Clarke (R)
7. Samuel Shellabarger (R)
8. James R. Hubbell (R)
9. Ralph P. Buckland (R)
10. James M. Ashley (R)
11. Hezekiah S. Bundy (R)
12. William E. Finck (D)
13. Columbus Delano (R)
14. Martin Welker (R)
15. Tobias A. Plants (R)
16. John Bingham (R)
17. Ephraim R. Eckley (R)
18. Rufus P. Spalding (R)
19. James A. Garfield (R)

Oregon

(1 Republican)

At-large. James H. D. Henderson (R)

Pennsylvania

(15–9 Republican)

1. Samuel J. Randall (D)
2. Charles O'Neill (R)
3. Leonard Myers (R)
4. William D. Kelley (R)
5. M. Russell Thayer (R)
6. Benjamin M. Boyer (D)
7. John M. Broomall (R)
8. Sydenham E. Ancona (D)
9. Thaddeus Stevens (R)
10. Myer Strouse (D)
11. Philip Johnson (D), until January 29, 1867
12. Charles Denison (D)
13. Ulysses Mercur (R)
14. George F. Miller (R)
15. Adam J. Glossbrenner (D)
16. Alexander H. Coffroth (D), February 19, 1866 – July 18, 1866
William H. Koontz (R), from July 18, 1866
17. Abraham A. Barker (R)
18. Stephen F. Wilson (R)
19. Glenni W. Scofield (R)
20. Charles V. Culver (R)
21. John L. Dawson (D)
22. James K. Moorhead (R)
23. Thomas Williams (R)
24. George V. Lawrence (R)

Rhode Island

(2 Republicans)

1. Thomas A. Jenckes (R)
2. Nathan F. Dixon Jr. (R)

South Carolina

1. Vacant
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
4. Vacant

Tennessee

(4 Unconditional Unionists; 4 Unionists)

1. Nathaniel G. Taylor (U), from July 24, 1866
2. Horace Maynard (UU), from July 24, 1866
3. William B. Stokes (UU), from July 24, 1866
4. Edmund Cooper (U), from July 24, 1866
5. William B. Campbell (U), from July 24, 1866
6. Samuel M. Arnell (UU), from July 24, 1866
7. Isaac R. Hawkins (U), from July 24, 1866
8. John W. Leftwich (UU), from July 24, 1866

Texas

1. Vacant
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
4. Vacant

Vermont

(3 Republicans)

1. Frederick E. Woodbridge (R)
2. Justin S. Morrill (R)
3. Portus Baxter (R)

Virginia

1. Vacant
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
4. Vacant
5. Vacant
6. Vacant
7. Vacant
8. Vacant

West Virginia

(3 Unconditional Unionists)

1. Chester D. Hubbard (UU)
2. George R. Latham (UU)
3. Kellian Whaley (UU)

Wisconsin

(5–1 Republican)

1. Halbert E. Paine (R)
2. Ithamar C. Sloan (R)
3. Amasa Cobb (R)
4. Charles A. Eldredge (D)
5. Philetus Sawyer (R)
6. Walter D. McIndoe (R)

Non-voting members

(6–3 Republican)

Arizona Territory. John N. Goodwin (R)
Colorado Territory. Allen A. Bradford (R)
Dakota Territory. Walter A. Burleigh (R)
Idaho Territory. Edward D. Holbrook (D)
Montana Territory. Samuel McLean (D)
Nebraska Territory. Phineas W. Hitchcock (R), until March 1, 1867
New Mexico Territory. J. Francisco Chaves (R)
Utah Territory. William H. Hooper (D)
Washington Territory. Arthur A. Denny (R)
House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80.1–100% Democratic
  80.1–100% Republican
  60.1–80% Democratic
  60.1–80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Republican
Speaker of the House
Schuyler Colfax

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

  • Replacements: 8
    • Democratic: 2-seat net loss
    • Republican: 2-seat net gain
    • Unionist: no net change
    • Unconditional Union: no net change
  • Deaths: 4
  • Resignations: 2
  • Vacancy: 1
  • Seats of newly admitted states: 2
  • Seats of re-admitted states: 2
  • Total seats with changes: 12
Senate changes
State
(class)
Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[b]
Maryland (3) Vacant Sen. Thomas Hicks had died during previous congress.
Successor elected March 9, 1865.
John Creswell (UU) March 9, 1865
New Jersey (2) Vacant Although elected in time for this Congress, the Senator-elect was not seated until March 15, 1865.
Senator was later removed in election dispute, see below.
John P. Stockton (D) March 15, 1865
Tennessee (2) Vacant Tennessee re-admitted to the Union.
Senators were elected July 24, 1866.
Joseph S. Fowler (U) July 24, 1866
Tennessee (1) David T. Patterson (U) July 28, 1866
Iowa (3) James Harlan (R) Resigned May 15, 1865, after being appointed U.S. Secretary of the Interior.
Successor elected January 13, 1866.
Samuel J. Kirkwood (R) January 13, 1866
Vermont (3) Jacob Collamer (R) Died November 9, 1865.
Successor was appointed November 21, 1865, to continue the term.
Appointee was elected October 24, 1866, to finish the term.[3]
Luke P. Poland (R) November 21, 1865
New Jersey (2) John P. Stockton (D) Disputed election led to Senate vacating the seat March 27, 1866.
Successor elected September 19, 1866.
Alexander G. Cattell (R) September 19, 1866
Vermont (1) Solomon Foot (R) Died March 28, 1866.
Successor was appointed April 3, 1866, to continue the term.
Appointee was elected October 24, 1866, to finish the term.[3]
George F. Edmunds (R) April 3, 1866
Kansas (2) Jim Lane (R) Died July 11, 1866, after being mortally wounded from a self-inflicted gunshot 10 days earlier
Successor was appointed July 19, 1866, to continue the term.
Appointee was elected January 23, 1867, to finish the term.[4]
Edmund G. Ross (R) July 19, 1866
New Hampshire (3) Daniel Clark (R) Resigned July 27, 1866, after being appointed Judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of New Hampshire.
Successor was appointed August 31, 1866.
George G. Fogg (R) August 31, 1866
New Jersey (1) William Wright (D) Died November 1, 1866.
Successor was appointed November 12, 1866.
Appointee was elected January 23, 1867, to finish the term.[5]
Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R) November 12, 1866
Nebraska (1) New seat Nebraska admitted to the Union March 1, 1867. Thomas Tipton (R) March 1, 1867
Nebraska (2) John M. Thayer (R)

House of Representatives

  • Replacements: 9
    • Democratic: 1-seat net gain
    • Republican: 2-seat net gain
    • Unconditional Unionist: 1 seat net loss
    • Unionist: 0 net change
  • Deaths: 4
  • Resignations: 4
  • Contested election: 3
  • Seats from newly admitted states: 1
  • Seats from re-admitted states: 8
  • Total seats with changes: 21
House changes
District Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[b]
Tennessee 1st Vacant Tennessee re-admitted into the Union Nathaniel G. Taylor (U) July 24, 1866
Tennessee 2nd Horace Maynard (UU)
Tennessee 3rd William B. Stokes (UU)
Tennessee 4th Edmund Cooper (U)
Tennessee 5th William B. Campbell (U)
Tennessee 6th Samuel M. Arnell (UU)
Tennessee 7th Isaac R. Hawkins (U)
Tennessee 8th John W. Leftwich (UU)
Maryland 2nd Edwin H. Webster (UU) Resigned some time in July, 1865 after being appointed Collector of Customs for the port of Baltimore John L. Thomas Jr. (UU) December 4, 1865
New York 16th Orlando Kellogg (R) Died August 24, 1865 Robert S. Hale (R) December 3, 1865
Massachusetts 6th Daniel W. Gooch (R) Resigned September 1, 1865, after being appointed Navy Agent for the port of Boston Nathaniel P. Banks (R) December 4, 1865
Pennsylvania 16th Vacant incumbent Coffroth prevented from taking seat due to election contest Alexander H. Coffroth (D) February 19, 1866
Pennsylvania 16th Alexander H. Coffroth (D) Lost contested election July 18, 1866 William H. Koontz (R) July 18, 1866
Indiana 7th Daniel W. Voorhees (D) Lost contested election February 23, 1866 Henry D. Washburn (R) February 23, 1866
New York 8th James Brooks (D) Lost contested election April 7, 1866 William E. Dodge (R) April 7, 1866
New York 3rd James Humphrey (R) Died June 16, 1866 John W. Hunter (D) December 4, 1866
Kentucky 6th Green C. Smith (UU) Resigned some time in July, 1866 after being appointed Governor of the Montana Territory. Andrew H. Ward (D) December 3, 1866
Kentucky 5th Lovell Rousseau (UU) Resigned July 21, 1866, after being reprimanded for his assault of Iowa Rep. Josiah B. Grinnell. Was re-elected to fill his own seat. Lovell Rousseau (UU) December 3, 1866
Kentucky 3rd Henry Grider (D) Died September 7, 1866 Elijah Hise (D) December 3, 1866
Pennsylvania 11th Philip Johnson (D) Died January 29, 1867 Vacant Not filled this term
Nebraska Territory At-large Phineas Hitchcock (R) Nebraska achieved statehood March 1, 1867 District eliminated
Nebraska At-large New State Nebraska admitted to the Union March 1, 1867. Seat remained vacant until March 2, 1867 Turner M. Marquette (R) March 2, 1867

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Conservative & Conservative Republican
  2. ^ a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.

References

  1. ^ "The Constitution: Amendments 11–27". National Archives. Archived from the original on 5 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
  2. ^ Huckabee, David C. (September 30, 1997). "Ratification of Amendments to the U.S. Constitution" (PDF). Congressional Research Service reports. Washington D.C.: Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress.
  3. ^ a b Byrd & Wolff, page 176
  4. ^ Byrd & Wolff, page 108
  5. ^ Byrd & Wolff, page 142

Further reading

  • Aynes, Richard L. "The 39th Congress (1865–1867) and the 14th Amendment: Some Preliminary Perspectives," Akron Law Review, 42 (no. 4, 2009), 1019–49.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Byrd, Robert C.; Wolff, Wendy (October 1, 1993). The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992 (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160632563.

External links

  • Statutes at Large, 1789–1875
  • Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
  • House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History
  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
  • Congressional Directory for the 39th Congress, 1st Session. 1866.
  • Congress, United States (1867). Congressional Directory for the 39th Congress, 2nd Session.

Transcripts of debates and proceedings

The Congressional Globe contains the official transcripts and proceedings of the Thirty-Ninth Congress, although newspapers often provided their own transcripts that sometimes differed from the official ones. Following are external links to the pertinent volumes of the Globe, which are downloadable and/or searchable via Google Books and HathiTrust:

Congressional Globe, 39th Congress, external links to full text
Session Part Start date End date Pages Google Hathi
First One December 4, 1865 February 21, 1866 1 to 960 EL EL
First Two February 21, 1866 April 12, 1866 961 to 1920 EL EL
First Three April 12, 1866 May 29, 1866 1921 to 2880 EL EL
First Four May 29, 1866 July 16, 1866 2881 to 3840 EL EL
First Five July 16, 1866 July 28, 1866 3841 to 4310, plus Appendix EL EL
Second One December 3, 1866 January 25, 1867 1 to 752 EL EL
Second Two January 25, 1867 February 18, 1867 753 to 1504 EL EL
Second Three February 18, 1867 March 2, 1867 1505 to 2005, plus Appendix EL EL

The congressional debates pertaining to the Fourteenth Amendment can be found at “Congressional Debates of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution”.

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United States congresses (and year convened)