Atevirdine
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Preferred IUPAC name {4-[3-(Ethylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl}(5-methoxy-1H-indol-2-yl)methanone | |
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Properties | |
Chemical formula | C21H25N5O2 |
Molar mass | 379.46 g/mol |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references |
Atevirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that has been studied for the treatment of HIV.[1]
Synthesis
Preparation of the pyridylpiperazine moiety starts by aromatic displacement of chlorine from 2-chloro-3-nitropyridine by piperazine to give 3. The secondary amine is then protected as its BOC derivative by reaction with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (Boc anhydride) to give 4. The nitro group is then reduced by catalytic hydrogenation. Reductive alkylation with acetaldehyde in the presence of lithium cyanoborohydride gives the corresponding N-ethyl derivative. The protecting group is then removed by reaction with TFA. Reaction of the resulting amine with the imidazolide derivative of 5-methoxy-3-indoleacetic acid produces the amide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, atevirdine.
See also
References
- ^ Morse GD, Reichman RC, Fischl MA, et al. (January 2000). "Concentration-targeted phase I trials of atevirdine mesylate in patients with HIV infection: dosage requirements and pharmacokinetic studies. The ACTG 187 and 199 study teams". Antiviral Res. 45 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1016/S0166-3542(99)00073-X. PMID 10774589.
- ^ D. L. Romero, Drugs Future 19, 9 (1995).
- ^ WO 9109849, Romero, Donna Lee; Mitchell, Mark Allen & Thomas, Richard Charles et al., "Diaromatic substituted anti-AIDS compounds", published 1991-07-11, assigned to Upjohn
- ^ Romero, D. L.; Morge, R. A.; Biles, C.; Berrios-Pena, N.; May, P. D.; Palmer, J. R.; Johnson, P. D.; Smith, H. W.; Busso, M.; et al. (1994). "Discovery, Synthesis, and Bioactivity of Bis(heteroaryl)piperazines. 1. A Novel Class of Non-Nucleoside HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 37 (7): 999–1014. doi:10.1021/jm00033a018. PMID 7512142.
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(Discovery and development)
(Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI))
(Discovery and development)
1st generation | |
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2nd generation |
inhibitors (RTIs)
Nucleoside and nucleotide (NRTI) | |||||
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Non-nucleoside (NNRTI) (Discovery and development) |
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- Abacavir/lamivudine#
- Abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine°
- Abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine
- Atazanavir/cobicistat
- Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide°
- Cabotegravir/rilpivirine
- Darunavir/cobicistat
- Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide°
- Dolutegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
- Dolutegravir/lamivudine°
- Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir alafenamide°
- Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil°#
- Dolutegravir/rilpivirine
- Doravirine/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil
- Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil#
- Efavirenz/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil#
- Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
- Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil
- Emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
- Emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir alafenamide
- Emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir disoproxil
- Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil#
- Lamivudine/nevirapine/stavudine
- Lamivudine/nevirapine/zidovudine
- Lamivudine/raltegravir
- Lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil#
- Lamivudine/zidovudine#
- Lopinavir/ritonavir#
Uncoating inhibitors |
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Transcription inhibitors |
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Translation inhibitors | |
BNAbs | |
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Failed agents |
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- #WHO-EM
- ‡Withdrawn from market
- Clinical trials:
- †Phase III
- §Never to phase III
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