GNB4

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
GNB4
Identifiers
AliasesGNB4, CMTD1F, G protein subunit beta 4, HG2B
External IDsOMIM: 610863 MGI: 104581 HomoloGene: 69140 GeneCards: GNB4
Gene location (Human)
Chromosome 3 (human)
Chr.Chromosome 3 (human)[1]
Chromosome 3 (human)
Genomic location for GNB4
Genomic location for GNB4
Band3q26.33Start179,396,088 bp[1]
End179,451,476 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse)
Chromosome 3 (mouse)
Chr.Chromosome 3 (mouse)[2]
Chromosome 3 (mouse)
Genomic location for GNB4
Genomic location for GNB4
Band3|3 A3Start32,634,481 bp[2]
End32,670,734 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern
Bgee
HumanMouse (ortholog)
Top expressed in
  • secondary oocyte

  • tibia

  • visceral pleura

  • parietal pleura

  • synovial membrane

  • saphenous vein

  • trigeminal ganglion

  • vulva

  • human penis

  • trabecular bone
Top expressed in
  • semi-lunar valve

  • ascending aorta

  • aortic valve

  • dermis

  • vas deferens

  • superior cervical ganglion

  • yolk sac

  • optic nerve

  • left lung lobe

  • supraoptic nucleus
More reference expression data
BioGPS
n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function
  • protein-containing complex binding
  • signal transducer activity
Cellular component
  • myelin sheath
  • lysosomal membrane
  • extracellular exosome
  • cytosol
Biological process
  • cellular response to glucagon stimulus
  • substantia nigra development
  • signal transduction
  • protein folding
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

59345

14696

Ensembl

ENSG00000114450

ENSMUSG00000027669

UniProt

Q9HAV0

P29387

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_021629

NM_013531
NM_001348062
NM_001348104
NM_001348105

RefSeq (protein)

NP_067642

NP_038559
NP_001334991
NP_001335033
NP_001335034

Location (UCSC)Chr 3: 179.4 – 179.45 MbChr 3: 32.63 – 32.67 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB4 gene.[5][6][7]

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000114450 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027669 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Downes GB, Gautam N (Mar 2000). "The G protein subunit gene families". Genomics. 62 (3): 544–52. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5992. PMID 10644457.
  6. ^ Ruiz-Velasco V, Ikeda SR, Puhl HL (Feb 2002). "Cloning, tissue distribution, and functional expression of the human G protein beta 4-subunit". Physiol Genomics. 8 (1): 41–50. doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00085.2001. PMID 11842130.
  7. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: GNB4 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 4".

Further reading

  • Pietruck F, Moritz A, Montemurro M, et al. (1996). "Selectively enhanced cellular signaling by Gi proteins in essential hypertension. G alpha i2, G alpha i3, G beta 1, and G beta 2 are not mutated". Circ. Res. 79 (5): 974–83. doi:10.1161/01.res.79.5.974. PMID 8888689.
  • Asano T, Morishita R, Ueda H, Kato K (1999). "Selective association of G protein beta(4) with gamma(5) and gamma(12) subunits in bovine tissues". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (30): 21425–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.30.21425. PMID 10409705.
  • Huang L, Shanker YG, Dubauskaite J, et al. (2000). "Ggamma13 colocalizes with gustducin in taste receptor cells and mediates IP3 responses to bitter denatonium". Nat. Neurosci. 2 (12): 1055–62. doi:10.1038/15981. PMID 10570481. S2CID 24494794.
  • Evanko DS, Thiyagarajan MM, Siderovski DP, Wedegaertner PB (2001). "Gbeta gamma isoforms selectively rescue plasma membrane localization and palmitoylation of mutant Galphas and Galphaq". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (26): 23945–53. doi:10.1074/jbc.M101154200. PMID 11294873.
  • Huang L, Max M, Margolskee RF, et al. (2003). "G protein subunit G gamma 13 is coexpressed with G alpha o, G beta 3, and G beta 4 in retinal ON bipolar cells". J. Comp. Neurol. 455 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1002/cne.10396. PMID 12454992. S2CID 22270368.
  • Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
  • Cuello F, Schulze RA, Heemeyer F, et al. (2003). "Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (9): 7220–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210304200. PMID 12486123.
  • Sprague RS, Bowles EA, Olearczyk JJ, et al. (2003). "The role of G protein beta subunits in the release of ATP from human erythrocytes". J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 53 (4 Pt 1): 667–74. PMID 12512701.
  • Rosskopf D, Nikula C, Manthey I, et al. (2003). "The human G protein beta4 subunit: gene structure, expression, Ggamma and effector interaction". FEBS Lett. 544 (1–3): 27–32. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00441-1. PMID 12782285. S2CID 80919988.
  • Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
  • Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.


  • v
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  • 1a0r: HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF PHOSDUCIN/TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA
    1a0r: HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF PHOSDUCIN/TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA
  • 1b9x: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN
    1b9x: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN
  • 1b9y: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA
    1b9y: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA
  • 1gg2: G PROTEIN HETEROTRIMER MUTANT GI_ALPHA_1(G203A) BETA_1 GAMMA_2 WITH GDP BOUND
    1gg2: G PROTEIN HETEROTRIMER MUTANT GI_ALPHA_1(G203A) BETA_1 GAMMA_2 WITH GDP BOUND
  • 1got: HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF A GT-ALPHA/GI-ALPHA CHIMERA AND THE GT-BETA-GAMMA SUBUNITS
    1got: HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF A GT-ALPHA/GI-ALPHA CHIMERA AND THE GT-BETA-GAMMA SUBUNITS
  • 1gp2: G PROTEIN HETEROTRIMER GI_ALPHA_1 BETA_1 GAMMA_2 WITH GDP BOUND
    1gp2: G PROTEIN HETEROTRIMER GI_ALPHA_1 BETA_1 GAMMA_2 WITH GDP BOUND
  • 1omw: Crystal Structure of the complex between G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 and Heterotrimeric G Protein beta 1 and gamma 2 subunits
    1omw: Crystal Structure of the complex between G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 and Heterotrimeric G Protein beta 1 and gamma 2 subunits
  • 1tbg: BETA-GAMMA DIMER OF THE HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN TRANSDUCIN
    1tbg: BETA-GAMMA DIMER OF THE HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN TRANSDUCIN
  • 1xhm: The Crystal Structure of a Biologically Active Peptide (SIGK) Bound to a G Protein Beta:Gamma Heterodimer
    1xhm: The Crystal Structure of a Biologically Active Peptide (SIGK) Bound to a G Protein Beta:Gamma Heterodimer
  • 2bcj: Crystal Structure of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 in Complex with Galpha-q and Gbetagamma Subunits
    2bcj: Crystal Structure of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 in Complex with Galpha-q and Gbetagamma Subunits
  • 2trc: PHOSDUCIN/TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA COMPLEX
    2trc: PHOSDUCIN/TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA COMPLEX
  • v
  • t
  • e
MAP
  • see MAP kinase pathway
Calcium
G protein
Heterotrimeric
cAMP:
cGMP:
Monomeric
Cyclin
Lipid
Other protein kinase
Serine/threonine:
Tyrosine:
Serine/threonine/tyrosine
Arginine
Other protein phosphatase
Serine/threonine:
Tyrosine:
both:
Apoptosis
  • see apoptosis signaling pathway
GTP-binding protein regulators
  • see GTP-binding protein regulators
Other
see also deficiencies of intracellular signaling peptides and proteins


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