CLCN4

Protein-coding gene in humans
CLCN4
Identifiers
AliasesCLCN4, CLC4, ClC-4, ClC-4A, chloride voltage-gated channel 4, MRX15, MRX49, MRXSRC
External IDsOMIM: 302910 MGI: 104571 HomoloGene: 68207 GeneCards: CLCN4
Gene location (Human)
X chromosome (human)
Chr.X chromosome (human)[1]
X chromosome (human)
Genomic location for CLCN4
Genomic location for CLCN4
BandXp22.2Start10,156,975 bp[1]
End10,237,660 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse)
Chromosome 7 (mouse)
Chr.Chromosome 7 (mouse)[2]
Chromosome 7 (mouse)
Genomic location for CLCN4
Genomic location for CLCN4
Band7 A1|7 4.23 cMStart7,282,309 bp[2]
End7,300,851 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern
Bgee
HumanMouse (ortholog)
Top expressed in
  • middle temporal gyrus

  • Brodmann area 23

  • postcentral gyrus

  • orbitofrontal cortex

  • biceps brachii

  • corpus epididymis

  • endothelial cell

  • superior frontal gyrus

  • retinal pigment epithelium

  • pons
Top expressed in
  • barrel cortex

  • medial geniculate nucleus

  • medial dorsal nucleus

  • inferior colliculus

  • Region I of hippocampus proper

  • habenula

  • pontine nuclei

  • globus pallidus

  • anterior horn of spinal cord

  • medial vestibular nucleus
More reference expression data
BioGPS


More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function
  • nucleotide binding
  • ATP binding
  • chloride channel activity
  • antiporter activity
  • voltage-gated chloride channel activity
  • solute:proton antiporter activity
  • chloride ion binding
Cellular component
  • integral component of membrane
  • endosome
  • endosome membrane
  • early endosome membrane
  • membrane
  • late endosome membrane
  • integral component of plasma membrane
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  • early endosome
  • Golgi apparatus
  • plasma membrane
Biological process
  • ion transmembrane transport
  • ion transport
  • chloride transmembrane transport
  • transmembrane transport
  • chloride transport
  • proton transmembrane transport
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

1183

12727

Ensembl

ENSG00000073464

ENSMUSG00000000605

UniProt

P51793

Q61418

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001830
NM_001256944

NM_011334
NM_001302386
NM_001302387
NM_001357102
NM_001357103

NM_001357104

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001243873
NP_001821

NP_001289315
NP_001289316
NP_035464
NP_001344031
NP_001344032

NP_001344033

Location (UCSC)Chr X: 10.16 – 10.24 MbChr 7: 7.28 – 7.3 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLCN4 gene.[5][6]

Function

The CLCN family of voltage-dependent chloride channel genes comprises nine members (CLCN1-7, Ka and Kb) which demonstrate quite diverse functional characteristics while sharing significant sequence homology. Chloride channel 4 has an evolutionary conserved CpG island and is conserved in both mouse and hamster. This gene is mapped in close proximity to APXL (Apical protein Xenopus laevis-like) and OA1 (Ocular albinism type I), which are both located on the human X chromosome at band p22.3. The physiological role of chloride channel 4 remains unknown but may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuronal disorders.[6]

Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene have been linked to cases of early onset epilepsy[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000073464 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000000605 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ van Slegtenhorst MA, Bassi MT, Borsani G, Wapenaar MC, Ferrero GB, de Conciliis L, Rugarli EI, Grillo A, Franco B, Zoghbi HY, Ballabio A (Sep 1994). "A gene from the Xp22.3 region shares homology with voltage-gated chloride channels". Hum Mol Genet. 3 (4): 547–52. doi:10.1093/hmg/3.4.547. PMID 8069296.
  6. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: CLCN4 chloride channel 4".
  7. ^ Veeramah KR, Johnstone L, Karafet TM, Wolf D, Sprissler R, Salogiannis J, Barth-Maron A, Greenberg ME, Stuhlmann T, Weinert S, Jentsch TJ, Pazzi M, Restifo LL, Talwar D, Erickson RP, Hammer MF (2013). "Exome sequencing reveals new causal mutations in children with epileptic encephalopathies". Epilepsia. 54 (7): 1270–81. doi:10.1111/epi.12201. PMC 3700577. PMID 23647072.

Further reading

  • Schnur RE, Wick PA (1995). "Intragenic TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in CICN4, between the loci for X-linked ocular albinism (OA1) and microphthalmia with linear skin defects syndrome (MLS)". Hum. Genet. 95 (5): 594–5. doi:10.1007/BF00223880. PMID 7759088. S2CID 6494341.
  • Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
  • Dinulos MB, Bassi MT, Rugarli EI, Chapman V, Ballabio A, Disteche CM (1996). "A new region of conservation is defined between human and mouse X chromosomes". Genomics. 35 (1): 244–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0347. PMID 8661129.
  • Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
  • Lamb FS, Clayton GH, Liu BX, Smith RL, Barna TJ, Schutte BC (1999). "Expression of CLCN voltage-gated chloride channel genes in human blood vessels". J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 31 (3): 657–66. doi:10.1006/jmcc.1998.0901. PMID 10198195.
  • Kawasaki M, Fukuma T, Yamauchi K, Sakamoto H, Marumo F, Sasaki S (1999). "Identification of an acid-activated Cl(-) channel from human skeletal muscles". Am. J. Physiol. 277 (5 Pt 1): C948–54. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1999.277.5.C948. PMID 10564087.
  • Wang T, Weinman SA (2004). "Involvement of chloride channels in hepatic copper metabolism: ClC-4 promotes copper incorporation into ceruloplasmin". Gastroenterology. 126 (4): 1157–66. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.01.015. PMID 15057754.
  • Suzuki Y, Yamashita R, Shirota M, Sakakibara Y, Chiba J, Mizushima-Sugano J, Nakai K, Sugano S (2004). "Sequence Comparison of Human and Mouse Genes Reveals a Homologous Block Structure in the Promoter Regions". Genome Res. 14 (9): 1711–8. doi:10.1101/gr.2435604. PMC 515316. PMID 15342556.
  • Picollo A, Pusch M (2005). "Chloride/proton antiporter activity of mammalian CLC proteins ClC-4 and ClC-5". Nature. 436 (7049): 420–3. Bibcode:2005Natur.436..420P. doi:10.1038/nature03720. PMID 16034421. S2CID 4389450.
  • Huang L, Cao J, Wang H, Vo LA, Brand JG (2006). "Identification and Functional Characterization of a Voltage-gated Chloride Channel and Its Novel Splice Variant in Taste Bud Cells". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (43): 36150–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M507706200. PMC 2367165. PMID 16129671.
  • Littler DR, Assaad NN, Harrop SJ, Brown LJ, Pankhurst GJ, Luciani P, Aguilar MI, Mazzanti M, Berryman MA, Breit SN, Curmi PM (2005). "Crystal structure of the soluble form of the redox-regulated chloride ion channel protein CLIC4". FEBS J. 272 (19): 4996–5007. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04909.x. PMID 16176272.
  • Okkenhaug H, Weylandt KH, Carmena D, Wells DJ, Higgins CF, Sardini A (2006). "The human ClC-4 protein, a member of the CLC chloride channel/transporter family, is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum by its N-terminus". FASEB J. 20 (13): 2390–2. doi:10.1096/fj.05-5588fje. PMID 17023393. S2CID 24433478.

External links

  • v
  • t
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Ligand-gated
Voltage-gated
Constitutively active
Proton-gated
Voltage-gated
Calcium-activated
Inward-rectifier
Tandem pore domain
Voltage-gated
Miscellaneous
Cl−: Chloride channel
H+: Proton channel
M+: CNG cation channel
M+: TRP cation channel
H2O (+ solutes): Porin
Cytoplasm: Gap junction
By gating mechanism
Ion channel class
see also disorders

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.


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